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Transcript
Objective 1. Students will name, identify, describe and explain the function of the following cell parts. I. Cell Parts The following cell parts are found in both plant and animal cells. a. Nucleus: is the control center of the cell and makes sure the cell functions properly and gives instructions of what and how to do things. 1. Chromatin/Chromosomes: contain the DNA which contains all the information of what a cell becomes and how it should become what is needed. DNA is sometimes called the blueprint for the cell because it contains the genetic information or genetic code. The chromatin becomes the chromosomes for cell division. b. Nucleolus: found in the nucleus is the part that produce ribosomes. c. Nuclear Membrane: is the outer covering of the nucleus and allows materials such as ribosomes and RNA, in and out of the nucleus. 1. Pores: are the small openings or holes in the nuclear membrane where materials enter or leave the nucleus. d. Cell Membrane: is the outer covering of the cell and allows materials such as nutrients, wastes and water, in and out of the cell. 1. Pores: are the small openings or holes in the cell membrane where materials enter or leave the cell. 2. Semi-permeable: means that the cell membrane controls what enters or leaves the cell or, in other words certain things are allowed in and certain things are allowed out. e. Cytoplasm: is the jelly-like material in which the organelles move about and flow through the cell. f. Cytoskeleton: is made of microtubules and provides support, structure and shape to the cell. g. Golgi Apparatus (body): transports materials around the cell; it receives materials from the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them for use throughout the cell. It also sends materials out of the cell. 1. Vesicle: is a separate organelle that aids the Golgi apparatus with the transportation of materials through the cell. h. Endoplasmic Reticulum: is the part of the cell that winds throughout and delivers proteins and other important materials through the cell. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum. 1. Smooth: does not have any ribosomes. 2. Rough: does have ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. i. Ribosomes: are important for the cell because they produce proteins which help the cell grow and repair. j. Vacuoles: are the parts in a cell that hold water, waste products or nutrients for the cell. In a plant cell they are very large for water as plants use water for photosynthesis and to keep their pressure. 1. Contractile vacuoles will contract or squeeze together to push wastes out of the cell into the surrounding environment. k. Mitochondria: are the parts of a cell that provide energy for the cell. Mitochondria are self-replicating which means that they reproduce more of themselves as the cell needs more energy. The following cell parts are found only in an animal cell. l. Centriole: is a part found close to the nucleus which is used during cell division. The centriole aids the cell during cell division by aligning the spindle fibers or microtubules so that the cell can divide. m. Lysosome: a cell part that contains digestive fluids which are used to digest extra nutrients, old organelles or malfunctioning organelles. The following cell parts are found only in a plant cell. n. Cell wall: is made of cellulose and provides a plant cell with structure and support. During cell division a cell plate forms which becomes the cell wall. o. Chloroplast: are the cell parts that plants use during photosynthesis. Chloroplasts produce the chemical change that creates sugars for the cell. They are green because they contain chlorophyll. 1. Chlorophyll: are small particles within the chloroplast that capture the sunlight or sun’s energy to change carbon dioxide and water into sugars and oxygen. a. Chemical reaction of photosynthesis: 6H2O + 6CO2 ------ C6H12O6 + 6O2