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HALAMAN PENGESAHAN
Buku GRAMMAR ini disahkan pada tanggal 26 Mei 2014.
Penulis:
Gerund, Participle, Conjunction: M. Dian Ferry F.
Passive Voice & Article: Riki Dwi A.S.
Connective, Should, Ought to, Had Better: Dzikri AA.: M.
Misbahul huda
Editor:
FeNa Created
Penerbit:
FENA (Ferry Vina) Publishing
Hak Cipta © 2014 Dilindungi Undang-Undang
Dilarang Memperbanyak, Mencetak, ataupun Menerbitkan Sebagian maupun Seluruh isi
Buku ini tanpa seizin Tertulis dari Penerbit FENA Publishing
SSC. 2014.kumpulan soal-soal Snmptn.Bojonegoro:SSC.
SSC.2014.Materi Kemampuan Dasar.Bojonegoro:SSC.
SSC.2014.Pulsar.Bojonegoro:SSC.
Wright,Stacey whitney&Silvester Goridus Sukur.2012.Soal-soal
Grammar Toefl.Yogyakarta:Kalarana Press.
Puji syukur kehadirat allah SWT. Yang telah memberikan nikmat kepada
kita, sehingga kita dapat menyelesaikan Buku ini, Walaupun masih banyak
kekurangan pada buku ini.
Buku ini kami susun untuk memberikan Materi dan pembahasan tentang
Grammar yang disertai dengan contoh-contohnya Agar para siswa bisa
mempelajari dan memahami macam-macam Grammar, Serta dalam setiap
pembahasan dilengkapi dengan latihan soal-soal.
Tak lupa kami ucapkan terima kasih kepada bapak Moch Charis yg telah
ikhlas membimbing kita dalam menyelesaikan bahasan dalam buku ini, kami juga
berterima kasih kepada FeNa publishing yang telah membantu kita dalam
mencetak buku ini, serta kami mengucapkan banyak terima kasih kepada pihakpihak yang membantu dalam penyusunan buku ini.
Demikian sepatah kata dari kami, kami menyadari bahwa buku kami ini
sangat jauh dari kata sempurna. Oleh karena itu, kami siap menampung kritik
dan saran dari pembaca dan bisa di kirimkan lewat alamat Web Kami di
http://Ferrydrajat.Wordpress.com.
Bojonegoro, 14 mei 2014
Tim Redaksi
34|Grammar
Grammar | i
1.
2.
Kata Pengantar .....................................................................i
Daftar Isi...........................................................................ii
Bab I: Gerund........................................................................1
1. Gerund as Subject.........................................................2
2. Gerund as Object.........................................................2
3. Gerund After Preposition............................................2
4. Gerund After Current Word...........................................2
5. Gerund After Posessive Adjective...................................3
6. Gerund After Verb.......................................................3
7. Go + Gerund ...........................................................4
8. Question Gerund.........................................................5
Bab II: PArticiple................................................................7
1. Active Participle.........................................................8
2. Passive Participle..........................................................9
3. Question Participle.........................................................11
Bab III:Connective.............................................................13
1. Question Connective.........................................................16
Bab IV: Passive Voice.........................................................17
1. Question Passive Voice...............................................20
Bab V: Conjunction..............................................................21
1. Question Conjunction.........................................................23
Bab VI: Should, Ought to, Had Better...................................................24
1. Should...................................................................25
2. Ought to..................................................................26
3. Had Better.............................................................27
4. Question Should, Ought to, Had Better....................28
Bab VII: Articles...............................................................29
1. Indefinite Articles (A / An) ...................................30
2. Definite Articles (The) .....................................................31
3. Question Articles.....................................................33
Daftar Pustaka..................................................................34
ii|Grammar
3.
4.
Gunakan “the” sebelum:
Use the "the" before:
Nama sungai, lautan, dan samudera: the Nile, the Pacific, etc.
Titik atau batas yang ada pada peta dunia: the Equator, the North Pole,
etc.
Area-area geografis: the Middle East, the West, etc.
Nama gurun, hutan, teluk (gulfs), semenanjung (peninsulas): the Sahara,
the Persian Gulf, the Black Forest, the Iberian Peninsula, etc.
1. My father works as ……engineer.
Answer: An
2. I prefer to choose …….. blue T-shirt rather than…… red one.
Answer: the, the
3. Is your father still working in …… old company?
Answer: An
4. I know who ……murder is.
Answer: The
5. ……sun is shining bright.
Answer: The
6. I will show you ……reason why I am so excited.
Answer: The
7. My mother has ……terrible headache.
Answer: A
8. Can you buy me……..pair of shoes?
Answer: A
9. Do you want to see……..interesting movie with me?
Answer: An
10. I know……..problem between you and him.
Answer: The
Articles |33
“The dog that bit me ran away.” (Anjing yang menggigit saya lari)
“I was happy to see the policeman who saved my cat.” (Saya sangat senang
melihat polisi yang menyelamatkan kucing saya)
“I saw the elephant at the zoo.” (Aku melihat gajah di kebun binatang)
Penggunaan Definite Article pada Countable dan Uncountable Nouns
"The" can only be used on uncountable nouns, or the use of "the" can be
eliminated. Consider the following example sentences:
“The” hanya bisa digunakan pada uncountable nouns, atau penggunaan “the”
bisa dihilangkan. Perhatikan contoh kalimat di bawah ini:
“I love to sail over the water.”
(Makna: saya suka berlayar di jenis air tertentu)
“I love to sail over water.”
(Makna: saya suka berlayar di jenis air apa saja. Bisa di laut, danau, ataupun
sungai)
Penggunaan Geografis
There are some specific rules when using the definite article on the noun
that contain geographic elements. Do not use "the" before:
Ada beberapa aturan tertentu ketika menggunakan definite article pada
kata benda yang mengandung unsur geografis. Jangan menggunakan “the”
sebelum:
5. Nama dari kebanyakan Negara atau wilayah: Italy, Mexico, Bolivia, etc.
6. Nama kota besar, kota kecil atau Negara bagian: Seoul, Manitoba, Miami,
etc.
7. Nama jalan: Washington Blvd., Main St, etc.
8. Nama danau: Lake Titicaca, Lake Erie, Lake Toba, etc. Kecuali jika dengan
sekelompok dari danau-danau, contoh: the Great Lakes.
9. Nama gunung: Mount Everest, Mount Fuji, etc. Kecuali nama gunungnya
memang disertai dengan “the”, contoh: the Matterhorn
10. Nama benua: Asia, Europe, Africa, etc.
11.Nama pulau: Easter Island, Maui, Key West. Kecuali rentetan dari pulau,
seperti: the Aleutians, the Hebrides, or the Canary Islands.
32| Articles
Gerund | 1
BAB I
Gerund
Gerund is a verb that functions as a noun to form a verb ving or placing
position noun (Noun). (Gerund adalah kata kerja yang berfungsi sebagai Noun
dengan bentuk Ving atau kata kerja yang menempat posisi kata benda (Noun).)
Various forms of the gerund :
Macam-macam bentuk gerund:
1. Gerund as Subject
Example: Speaking is better than thingking. (Berbicara lebih baik daripada
berfikir.)
Jika kata benda (noun)-nya dimodifikasi oleh kata sifat (adjectives),
pemilihan penggunaan “a/ an” berdasarkan pada pelafalan dari kata sifat yang
ada setelah articles “a/ an” nya. Contoh:
-
a broken leg
an unusual problem
a European country
Keep in mind also that in English, the indefinite articles "a / an" is used to
indicate membership in a group or groups. example:
Perlu diingat juga bahwa dalam Bahasa Inggris, indefinite articles: “a/ an”
digunakan untuk mengindikasikan keanggotaan dalam suatu kelompok atau grup.
Contoh:
- I am a teacher.
(Saya adalah seorang anggota dari suatu kelompok guru)
- Brian is an Irishman.
Subject
(Brian adalah seorang anggota dari orang-orang yang dikenal sebagai
penduduk Negara Irlandia)
2. Gerund as Object
- Tagawa is a practicing Buddhist.
Example: Ronald likes Dancing (Ronald suka Menari)
Object
3. Gerund After Preposition (setelah kata depan)
Example: I am sorry for Coming late (Saya minta maaf karena Datang
terlambat)
Preposition Gerund
4. Gerund After Current Word
The word or term that must be followed by Gerund:
2 | Gerund
(Tagawa adalah seorang anggota dari kelompok orang-orang yang dikenal
sebagai penganut agama Budha)
1. Definite Article “the”.
Article definite article is used before singular or plural nouns where the
nouns (nouns) have the meaning of the special proficiency level (specific) or a
particular noun. If the characteristics of the specific noun (special) is if the
noun is part of a team / group. For example:
Definite article adalah article yang digunakan sebelum kata benda tunggal
ataupun jamak dimana kata benda (nouns) tesebut memilki makna yang khusus
(spesifik) atau kata benda tertentu. Ciri-ciri jika kata benda tersebut spesifik
(khusus) adalah jika kata benda tersebut merupakan bagian dari suatu
kelompok/ grup. Contohnya:
Articles |31
BAB VII
Articles
2. Indefinite Articles ( a/ An)
Indefinite articles are articles that modifies a noun (noun) are nonspecific
/ indefinite. Or in other words, it gives the meaning of indefinite articles
"whatever" or "go" from a noun. The shape of the indefinite articles are using
the articles "a" and "an". For example:
Indefinite articles adalah article yang memodifikasi kata benda (noun)
menjadi tidak spesifik/ tidak tentu. Atau dengan kata lain indefinite articles ini
memberikan makna “apa saja” atau “yang mana saja” dari suatu kata benda.
Bentuk dari indefinite articles ini adalah dengan menggunakan articles “a” dan
“an”.
The use of articles "a / an" is based on the initial letter of the noun. For
more details, please note the following examples:
Penggunaan articles “a/ an” ini berdasarkan pada huruf awal dari kata
bendanya. Untuk lebih jelasnya silahkan perhatikan contoh-contoh berikut:
1. a + singular noun (kata benda tunggal) yang dimulai dengan huruf
konsonan. Contoh: a boy, a car, a bike, a zoo, a dog, a horse etc.
2. an + singular noun (kata benda tunggal) yang dimulai dengan huruf vokal.
Contoh: an elephant, an egg, an apple, an orphan, etc.
3. a + singular noun (kata benda tunggal) yang dimulai dengan pengucapan
konsonan. Contoh: a user (walaupun diawali huruf vokal “u”, tetapi
pengucapannya seperti konsonan “yoo-zer”, yakni pengucapannya diawali
dengan huruf “y”). Contoh lain: a university, a unicycle, etc.
4. an + nouns (kata benda) yang diawali dengan pelafalan huruf “h” yang
tidak diucapkan ketika berbicara. Contoh: an hour.
If the noun (noun) was modified by adjectives (adjectives), the selection of the
use of "a / an" based on the pronunciation of the adjective comes after the
articles "a / an" it. example:
30| Articles
Kata atau istilah yg harus diikuti oleh Gerund:
 No Use (tidak ada guna)
Example: it is Nouse Studying with out practicing
 Tobe + Worth (Bermanfaat)
Example: it is Worth reading source book
 Tobe + Busy (sibuk)
Example: she is busy preparing for the exam
 Can’t Help/ Can’t Bear (tidak bisa menahan)
Example: she usually can’t help laughing when she hears joke
 Tobe + Used to (terbiasa)
Example: I am used to eating gudeg jogja
 Get used to (telah terbiasa)
Example: she get used to living near the airport
 Tobe + accustomed to (sudah terbiasa)
Example: setiawan is accustomed to wearing atie during his work
5. Gerund After posessive adjective ( Kepemilikan)
Possessive adjective: my, your, our, his, her, there, very’s, amir’s
Example: her teaching is fascinating
6. Gerund after Verb
Verb ata Noun yg harus diikuti oleh Gerund:
- Admit
- appreciate - confess to
- Consider - avoid
- object to
- Enjoy
- finish
- advance to
- Mind
- regret
- look forward to
Gerund | 3
-
Recall
Quit
Can’t help Key to
Stop
Deny
Suggest Recent -
claim
past pone
resume
devote to
get used to
risk
practice
miss
-
delay
report
dedicate to
tobe used to
tobe accustomed to
resist
advise
7. Go + Gerund
Digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan / aktivitas yang berhubungan
olahraga fisik, rekreasi, dan hiburan. Example: the student went camping
yesterday we go swimming every day.
- Go skating
- go fishing
- Go camping
- go mountain climbing
- Go bird watching - go dancing
- Go sking
- go boating
- Go racing
- go bowling
- Go hiking
- go shopping
- Go canoeing
- go jogging
- Go sailing
- go bungee jumping
- Go diving
- go cycling
4 | Gerund
Articles |29
1. You ……..to take him to the emergency room.
Answer: ought
2. ……..I put on a bandage?
Answer: Should
3. They ……..hurt his injury.
Answer: Shouln’t
4. We …..not to hurt him.
Answer: ought
5. You ……to do abdominal thrusts.
Answer: Ought
6. You ………say anything.
Answer: shouldn't
7. I …….get back to work.
Answer: should
8. We ……meet early.
Answer: should
9. You'd…….. do what I say or else you will get into trouble.
Answer: better
10. I'd ……..get back to work or my boss will be angry with me.
Answer: better
28| Should, Ought to, Had Better
1. Reading….a good hobby
Answer: (is)
2. His good activities are…….a newspaper
Answer: (Reading)
3. My brother has been away from home for years without ever…….to us.
Answer: (writing)
4. “what can you enjoy most during you weekends at puncak?”
“………….for a walk in the early morning”
Answer: (Going)
5. Ronald likes………in the river.
Answer: (Fishing)
6. “do you think I can wear my new necklace?”
“I wouldn’’t advise…….jewelry in a difficult time like this”
Answer: (wearing)
7. Little children are usually afraid of………by their mothers.
Answer: (leaving)
8. “let’s go and have lunch”
“I’ll join you later, I had better not stop.….on the report now.
Answer: (working)
9. I am considering………..(membeli) a new cassette player, because my old one it
is not working properly.
Answer: (Buying)
10. We always try to avoid …………preserved foods.
Answer: (Consuming)
Gerund | 5
3. HAD BETTER
Had better digunakan untuk memberikan nasihat dalam hal-hal yang
spesifik--bukan yang umum.
Had Better diikuti langsung oleh kata kerja tanpa to. Perhatikan sususannya
dalam kalimat berikut:
You had better go right now.(Sebaiknya Anda pergi sekarang)
I had better meet her tomorrow.(Sebaiknya saya jumpai dia besok.)
You had better study hard for the exams.(Sebaiknya Anda belajar giat.....)
Penulisan HAD BETTER sering disingkat menjadi:
You'd better go right now.
I'd better meet her tomorrow.
You'd better study hard for the exams.
Negative form of HAD BETTER:
Bentuk negative dari had better yaitu dengan menambahkan NOT setelah
better:
You'd better NOT do it alone. (Sebaiknya Anda TIDAK melakukannya
sendiri.)
I'd better NOT go by taxi to the airport. (Sebaiknya saya TIDAK naik taksi
ke airport.)
We'd better NOT start the meeting without the boss. (Sebaiknya kita
TIDAK memulai rapat ini tanpa boss.)
HAD BETTER sering memberikan kesan seolah-olah jika nasihat atau
anjuran yang kita berikan tidak diikuti akan terjadi hal-hal yang tidak diinginkan.
Perhatikan contoh-contoh kalimat berikut:
We'd better hurry or else we'll be late for the test. (Sebaiknya kita buruburu jika tidak kita akan terlambat mengikuti test.)
I'd better meet Lutfi now or he'll be angry with me.(Sebaiknya saya temui
Lutfi sekarang atau dia akan marah.).
You'd better not disappoint her or she will find another man.(Sebaiknya
kamu jangan mengecewakan dia atau dia akan cari laki-laki lain.)
6 | Gerund
Should, Ought to, Had Better |27
2. Ought to (Harus)
Ought to can be used instead of should. It is less common than
should and sounds rather British.
"Ought to" dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti "should". Ia kurang
umum digunakan dibanding "should" dan terdengar agak bergaya British.
- You ought to say thank you for the present. (You should say thank
you for the present)
- Engkau harus mengucapkan terimakasih atas hadiah itu. (Engkau
sebaiknya mengucapkan terimakasih atas hadiah itu)
Negatives and questions are less common and even more British.
Kalimat negatif dan tanya kurang umum digunakan dan bahkan lebih
bergaya British.
- We ought not to be late for the meeting. (Kita tidak boleh
terlambat mengikuti rapat).
Questions are often made with "Do you think.."
Kalimat tanya lebih sering dibentuk dengan "Do you think..."
- Do you think I ought to get up earlier? ( Apakah saya harus bangun
lebih pagi?)
Questions with just ought to are rare.
Kalimat tanya dengan hanya "ought to" adalah janggal.
- Ought I to get up earlier? ( Haruskah saya bangun lebih pagi?)
26| Should, Ought to, Had Better
Participle | 7
BAB II
BAB VI
participle
Should, ought to, had better
Participle is a descriptive word that consists of active and passive
participle. Active participle Ving use (such as gerund) which has several
functions. While the passive participle form of the V3 which also has several
functions.
Participle adalah kata penjelas yang terdiri dari participle aktif dan pasif.
Participle aktif menggunakan Ving (seperti gerund) yang memiliki beberapa
fungsi. Sedangkan participle pasif berbentuk V3 yang juga memiliki beberapa
fungsi.
1. Active Participle
Bentuk
: Ving
Fungsi :
a. Sebagai penjelas kata benda
Dibagi menjadi 2:
1. Kata benda dibelakangnya.
Pola
: Ving + N
Example
: the Crying Baby needs milk
2. Kata benda didepanya.
Pola
: N + Ving = N (who/ that/ which) + predicate
Example
: the girl singing on the stage last night lives next door
(the girl who sang on the stage last night lives next door)
b. Sebagai penjelas kalimat
Dibagi menjadi 2:
1. Pola
: Ving + S + Predicate
Fungsi:
 Menyatakan Sebab
Bentuk ini merupakan kependekan dari kalimat yang menggunakan
1. Should (Sebaiknya / seharusnya)
Should is a modal verb used to give advice and recommendation.
"Should" adalah "kata kerja modal" untuk memberi nasehat dan
rekomendasi (saran).
- You should see a doctor. (Kamu sebaiknya pergi ke dokter)
- You should keep your promises. (Kamu seharusnya menepati janjijanjimu)
- Should we buy her a present?( Kamu seharusnya menepati janjijanjimu)
Should can also be used for obligation. For example:
"Should" dapat juga digunakan untuk kemestian (kewajiban). Sebagai
contoh:
- I should call my Mum tomorrow. ( Saya harus menelepon ibuku
besok).
- He should apologize to Mary. ( Dia mesti meminta maaf ke Mary).
Should is also used for when something is expected.
"Should" juga digunakan ketika sesuatu diharapkan.
- Tony should arrive here at 12.00. (Tony seharusnya tiba di sini pukul
12.00)
- It's 12.30, and Tony should be here. (Sekarang jam 12.30, dan Tony
seharusnya di sini).
- This book is wrong, the answer should be "A". ( Buku ini keliru,
jawabannya mestinay "A")
because, as, for, atau since.
Example
8 | Participle
: Talking to much, she couldn’t understand the explanation
Should, Ought to, Had Better |25
(Because of talked to much, she couldn’t understand the explanation)
 Menyatakan Ketika
Bentuk ini merupakan kependekan dari kalimat yang menggunakan
when/ while.
Example
: listening to the radio , she studies
(while shelistens to the radio , she studies)
2. Pola
: having + V3, S + predicate
Fungsi menyatakan setelah
Bentuk ini merupakan kependekan dari kalimat yang menggunakan
after.
Example
: having studied hard, he went to bed
(after he had studied hard, he went to bed)
2. Passive Participle
Bentuk
: V3
Fungsi:
a. Sebagai penjelas kata benda.
Dibagi menjadi 2:
1. Kata benda dibelakangnya.
Pola
: V3 + N
Exalample : the stolen car has been found
2. Kata benda didepanya.
Pola
: N + V3 = N (who/ that/ which) + tobe + V3
Example
: the child given money bought a candy
(the child who was given money bought a candy)
24|Should, Ought to, Had Better
Participle | 9
b. Sebagai penjelas kalimat.
Dibagi menjadi 2:
1. Pola
: V3 + S + Predicate
Fungsi:
 Menyatakan Sebab
Bentuk ini merupakan kependekan dari kalimat yang menggunakan
because, as, for, atau since.
Example
: accepted at the state university, she held a party.
(because she was accepted at the state university, she
held a party)
 Menyatakan Ketika
Bentuk ini merupakan kependekan dari kalimat yang menggunakan
when/ while.
Example
: given information, he made a note
(when he was given information, he made a note)
2. Pola
: having + V3, S + predicate
Fungsi menyatakan setelah
Bentuk ini merupakan kependekan dari kalimat yang menggunakan
after.
Example
good work
: having been trained by a good instructur, he could get a
(after he had been trained by a good instructur, he could
get a good work)
1. I come late........of traffic jam on my way here.
Answer: Because
2. They have been living here.......two years ago.
Answer: Since
3. ..........study, he is slepping
Answer: After
4. I am Breakfast, ........I go to school.
Answer: When
5. I Study.......Sleeping.
Answer: Before
6. .......Tourist Visit in Bali, So Bali Cultur shall Famous.
Answer: If
7. She was reading a book.......i came to her house.
Answer: When
8. My family was eating ......the bell rang
Answer: when
9. I was listening radio ......my mother called me.
Answer: When
10. ......asking me a lot of question, the manager offered me the job.
Answer: After
10| Participle
Conjunction |23
BAB V
Conjunction
Conjunctions have the job of joining two ideas in one sentence whereas
the other connectives join the ideas in one sentence to the ideas in a previous
sentence or paragraph.
1.
The ......house are old
2.
The ........man spoke his last words
3.
The .......stone frightens us
4.
The person ………..this book.
dan tapi begitu jika saat
setelah seperti sejak sebelum meskipun
kecuali ketentuan bahwa karena selama terpisah dari sementara atau sampai
sementara sedangkan
bahkan jika apakah atau tidak setiap kali sehingga meskipun
5.
The ………boy has completed his homework.
6.
The book…… by Diego.
Conjunctions often occur in the middle of a sentence. However, most of
them can be rearranged to the beginning of a sentence.
7.
………..stories in this book are good.
8.
The airliner ......high explodes
I went home because I was scared. (Saya pulang ke rumah karena aku takut).
Because I was scared, I went home. (Karena aku takut , aku pulang ).
The man left although he did not want to. (Pria itu meninggalkan meskipun ia
9.
Having ……the lesson, he slept.
Although he did not want to, the man left. (Meskipun ia tidak mau , orang itu
10. The fat woman .........fast must beMrs. Tam
Conjunction bekerja menggabungkan dua ide dalam satu kalimat sedangkan
penghubung lainnya bergabung dengan ide-ide dalam satu kalimat untuk ide-ide
dalam kalimat atau paragraf sebelumnya .
Examples of conjunctions:
and but so if when
after as since before although
unless provided that because as long as apart from while or until whilst
whereas
even if whether or not whenever so that even though
Conjunction sering terjadi di tengah-tengah kalimat . Namun, kebanyakan dari
mereka dapat disusun kembali ke awal kalimat .
tidak mau) .
pergi).
22| Conjunction
Answer: burning
Answer: dying
Answer: moving
Answer: reading
Answer: sleeping
Answer: written
Answer: Written
Answer: flying
Answer: studied
Answer: walking
Participle |11
12| Participle
Conjunction |21
1. “have you delivered the packages to the customers?”
“not yet, some are Still ………. Wrapped
Answer: being
2. Too many people……… Killed in the traffic accident every year.
Answer: are
3. The street was being ……when we passed yesterday.
Answer: repaired
4. The shipment of logs………. postponed because of the bad weather.
Answer: has been
5. Komodos are ………to be descended from dinosaurs.
Answer: Believed
6. Love letter is …….by Ronald.
Answer: written
7. Are we about to have dinner?
yes, it is ……..in the dinning room.
Answer: being served
8. A: “I heard you decided to take up tennis”
B: “yes, I have…….. Playing everyday”
Answer: been
9. The baby will be …….. after by our neighbor while we are away.
Answer: looked
10. Fooball …..Play by Ali.
Answer: is
20| Passive Voice
Connective |13
BAB III
Connective
Connective word are words to link ideas, so that there is a unity in a
paragraph.
Kata penghubung adalah kata-kata untuk menghubungkan ide-ide, sehingga
ada kesatuan dalam sebuah paragraf.
These area connectives commonly used in a discussion text.
Connective yang umumnya sering digunakan dalam teks diskusi.
Addition
And
Similarly
Likewise
As well as
Besides
Furthermore
Also
Moreover
And then
Too
Not only..but Also
Beside this/ that
14| Connective
Meaning
Dan
demikian pula
Juga
Maupun
Selain
Selain Itu
Juga
Selain itu
Dan kemudian
Terlalu
Tidak hanya…..tapi juga
Selain ini/ yang
Table Rumus passife voice
tenses
Passive
Simple present
To be + V3
Present cont.
To be + being + V3
Present perfect
Has/have + been + V3
Present per. Cont.
Has/have + been being + V3
Simple past
Was/were + V3
Past con.
Was/were + being + V3
Past perfect
had + been + V3
Past perf. Cont.
had + been being + V3
Simple future
Will be + V3
Future cont.
Will be + being + V3
Future perfect
Will have + been + V3
Future perf. Cont.
Will have + been being + V3
Pasta future
Would be + V3
Pasta future cont.
Would be + being +V3
Pasta future perfect
Would have + been + V3
Pasta future perf. Cont.
Would have been being + V3
Modals auxlliary
Modals be + V3
Example:
Active
: she writes a story
Passive
: a story is written by her
Active
: she is writing a story
Passive
: a story is being written by her
Active
: she has written a story
Passive
: a story has been written by her
Active
: she wrote a story
Passive
: a story was written by her
Active
: she can written by her
Active
: she needs to write a story
Passive
: a story needs to by written
Passive Voice |19
Contrast
BAB Iv
Passive voice
PASSIVE
++
SUBJECT
VOICE
TO
(BY+OBJEECT)
V3
BE
past
perfect
Modals / To
Continuous
Was/ Were
Have/Has + Been
Be
Being
present
Am/ Is/ Are
Steps active sentence into the passive voice, or vice versa:
1. Subjects active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence.
2. Objects active sentence becomes the subject of a passive sentence.
3. Predicate active sentence becomes the key to use to be a passive sentence.
4. Verbs are concatenated into a third form of the verb
Langkah-langkah kalimat aktif menjadi kalimat pasif, atau sebaliknya:
1. Subyek kalimat aktif menjadi obyek kalimat pasif.
2. Obyek kalimat aktif menjadi subyek kalimat pasif.
3. Predikat kalimat aktif menjadi kunci penggunaan to be untuk kalimat pasif.
4. Kata kerja di rubah menjadi kata kerja bentuk ketiga
However
On the other hand
Despite
In spite of
Though
But
On the contrary
Otherwise
Yet
Instead of
Rather
Whereas
Nonetheless
Even though
In contrast
Consequence
As a result
Thus
So
Therefore
Consequently
It follows that
Thereby
Eventually
Then
In that case
Comparison
In the same way
18| Passive Voice
Meaning
namun
Di sisi lain
Meskipun
Meskipun
Meskipun
Tapi
Sebaliknya
Jika tidak
Namun
Alih-alih
Alih
Bahwa
Meskipun demikian
Meskipun
Berbeda
Meaning
Akibatnya
Jadi
Jadi
Oleh karena itu
Akibatnya
Oleh karena itu
Dengan demikian
Akhirnya
Lalu
Dalam hal
Meaning
Dengan cara yang sama
Connective |15
Like
Similarly
Whereas
While
Compared with
Seperti
Demikian
Bahwa
Sementara
Dibandingkan dengan
Example: I like to read books. Furthermore, I enjoy writing.( Saya suka
membaca buku. Selain itu, saya menikmati menulis.)
1.
The old man is extremely kind ……generous.
2.
I looked for my book ……couldn’t find it.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Answer: And
Answer: But
In my spare time, I enjoy reading novels ……..watching TV.
Answer:And
I like coffee …..not tea.
Answer:But
Not only my mother ……..my sister is here.
Answer: But Also
My brother is mischievous …..diligent.
Answer: But
She’s smart …….pretty I think.
Answer: And
I ……my friend go to school together
Answer: And
I did not withdraw the money ……the bank was closed
Answer: For
10. Both of you ……me are rivals
Answer: And
16| Connective
Passive Voice |17