Download Oppositional Defiant Disorder

“Labels” and
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
ODD
Laurie Christensen
What does your label say about
you?
almost 21 % of children ages
9 to 17 in the United States
have
a diagnosable mental or
addictive disorder
associated
with at least minimum
impairment
(this chart shows 30.9%)
What does your label say about
you?
Shaffer et al., 1996
psychiatric disorder with moderate
impairment 11.5%
anxiety disorders 7.2 % (up to 35% in
one study)
depression 4.2 %
disruptive behavior disorders 6 %
(ADHD was 7-16% in one study)
substance use disorder 2 %
Causes for disqualification
from military service (2005)
• Learning and attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder (Eligible if individual
can demonstrate passing academic
performance without the use of
accommodations or medications in the
previous 12 months)
• psychotic disorders (schizophrenia,
paranoid disorder, or other unspecified
psychosis)
• mood disorders (major depression, bipolar
disorder, or depressive disorder)
• anxiety disorders (panic disorder,
agoraphobia, social phobia, simple
phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder,
acute reactions to stress, and
posttraumatic disorder)
• adjustment disorder
Causes for disqualification
from military service (2005) cont’d
• suicidal behavior (gesture or attempts or a
history of self-mutilation)
• conduct or behavioral disorders
• personality disorders (immaturity,
instability, personality inadequacy,
impulsiveness, or dependency)
• dissociative disorders (hysteria and
depersonalization)
• somatoform disorder (hypochondriasis or
chronic pain disorder)
• receptive or expressive language disorder
that interferes with the production of
speech or ability to repeat commands
• psychosexual conditions (transsexualism,
exhibitionism, transvestism, voyeurism or
other paraphilias)
Why does it matter??
The researchers concluded that mental
disorders are the most important source of
medical and occupational morbidity among
active-duty U.S. military personnel.
A history of treatment for a mental
condition depends solely on selfreport. Although recruits undergo a
medical evaluation, there is no formal
psychiatric assessment.
To avoid labels……
It is the common practice of psychiatrists to
give general labels to juveniles that are
troubled.
One of the most common WRITTEN
diagnosis is
Oppositional
Defiant
Disorder
What is it?
Oppositional
defiant disorder
is a pattern of :
• disobedient
• hostile
• defiant behavior
toward authority
figures
3 characteristics
of the child who
has ODD are:
 Aggression
 defiance
 constant need
to irritate others
(any creatures like
this in YOUR
family?!?!?)
Symptoms
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Actively does not follow adults' requests
Angry and resentful of others
Argues with adults
Blames others for own mistakes
Has few or no friends or has lost friends
Is in constant trouble in school
Loses temper
Spiteful or seeks revenge
Touchy or easily annoyed
(To fit this diagnosis, the pattern must last for at least 6 months and
must be more than normal childhood misbehavior)
Possible contributing causes:
(inherited and environmental)
• A child's natural disposition
• Limitations or developmental delays in a child's
ability to process thoughts and feelings
• Lack of supervision
• Inconsistent or harsh discipline
• Abuse or neglect
• Having a parent with a history of ADHD,
oppositional defiant disorder, conduct problems or
substance abuse
• Lack of positive parental involvement
• Having parents with a severely troubled marriage
or financial problems
• Family instability (divorce, multiple moves, or
changing schools or child care providers frequently)
Treatment
•
•
•
•
Individual and family
therapy
manage anger
express feelings more
healthfully
improve
communication and
relationships
help family members
learn how to work
together
Parent-child interaction
therapy (PCIT)
• therapists coach
parents while they
interact with their
children
Treatment
Cognitive problem
solving training
•
identify and change
the patterns that are
leading to behavior
problems
• work together to come
up with solutions that
work for both of you
Social skills training
• learn how to interact
more positively and
effectively with peers
Treatment
Parent training
• Give effective timeouts
• Avoid power struggles –Pick your battles!
• Remain calm and unemotional in the face
of opposition
• Model the behavior you want your child to
have
• Set your child up for success by assigning
tasks and reward a well-done job by
recognizing and praising good behaviors
and positive characteristics
Parent Training
• Offer acceptable choices (this gives a
certain amount of control)
• Establish a specific daily schedule and
stick to a routine that involves being
together
• Set limits, enforce reasonable
consequences (must be consistently
reinforced!!)
Most importantly….
• show consistent, unconditional love and
acceptance of your child — even during
difficult and disruptive situations
• Don't be too hard on yourself
• This process can be tough for even the
most patient parents
• Helping your child through tough times
without a label can benefit them their
entire life
Sources
• https://health.google.com/health/ref/Oppositional+d
efiant+disorder
• http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=1151
1&page=136#
• http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/oppositionaldefiant-disorder/DS00630/DSECTION=lifestyleand-home-remedies
• http://specialed.about.com/od/behavioremotional/a/
odd.htm