Download lecture 1 anatomy & physiology

PSE 4U UNIT 1:
ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY
Introduction to the
basics
Mr. Christie
Department of H&PE
Westdale Secondary School
KINESIOLOGY
 The study of the movement of the human
body. Kinesiology studies the physical,
social, and emotional elements of the
human body and the interactions among
them.
 Serves as the root of medicine, sport,
teaching, and other health care professions
 Who has a kinesiology degree?
 The ‘springboard’ to….
KINESIOLOGY
 Many Promising Careers:
Health Care – means?
 Research
 Rehabilitation
 Professional Kinesiologist
 Fitness and Health Promotion
 And of course….teaching!
 Let’s take a look…
1st Year Kin Courses @ Mac

ANATOMY vs. PHYSIOLOGY
 Anatomy is a branch of
science that deals with the
structural organization of
living things or….how they
are built and what they
consist of.
 Anatomy is the
STRUCTURE of the human
body.
ANATOMY vs. PHYSIOLOGY
 Physiology is concerned
with the basic processes in
the body; such as
reproduction, growth and
metabolism, cardiovascular
system, muscular system.
 Physiology is the
FUNCTION of a biological
system in the body.
The Anatomical Position
 The “anatomical map”
 Anatomists and physiologists
look at the human body from a
standard starting point.
 Diagrams of the anatomical
position portray the body in an
upright, standing position, face
and feet pointing forward, with
the arms at the side, and the
forearms fully supinated (palms
facing forward).
The ANATOMICAL
POSITION
 The use of anatomical terminology is
important for all who study the human
body; provides a universal understanding of
the location of muscles, bones and other
parts within the body
 Trick…brain check….when looking at
diagrams, anatomical right is visual left and
anatomical left is visual right.
Anatomical Planes
 Anatomical planes relate to
positions in space and are at
right angles to one another.
 Transverse/Horizontal plane
cuts the body into superior and
inferior segments.
 Sagittal plane cuts the body
into 2 even segments.
 Frontal or Coronal, cuts the
body into anterior and
posterior segments.
PLANES OF THE BODY
 The human body can be divided into many
different sections along three different
planes.
 A PLANE is an imaginary, flat surface
passing through the body or organ.
 The three planes of the body are:



SAGITTAL PLANE
FRONTAL PLANE
HORIZONTAL PLANE
Key Concepts: Anatomical
Position and Planes
Let’s hear someone else, besides Mr. Christie:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aDxfe5Ny6zM
Summarize using your own words. Text help is
on page 3, and you can use the YouTube vid.
AP?
What is it?
What does it look like?
Why is it used?
Planes?
How many?
An example of a
movement that travels
through each plane?
Anatomical Axes
 Axes are used to describe
how rotation of the muscles
and bones takes place.
 Longitudinal axis, runs in a
“north-south” relationship to
the anatomical position.
 Horizontal axis, runs in a
“east-west” relationship to the
anatomical position.
 Anteroposterior axis, runs in a
“front to back” relationship to
the anatomical position
Describing Position and Movement
 A body movement can be described in
terms of the anatomical plane through
which it occurs and the anatomical axis
around which it rotates.
THE GENERAL RULE: The axis of
rotation is perpendicular to the plane of
movement.
 Let’s practice…
Describing Position and Movement
 anterior - front surface of the body
 posterior - back surface of the body
 superior - refers to structures being closer to the
top of the body. (not including arms and legs)
 inferior - refers to structures being closer to the
lower part of the body. (not including arms and legs)




medial - towards the midline
lateral - away from the midline
proximal -towards the upper segment of a limb
distal - towards the lower segment of a limb
Basic Movements Involving a Joint
Flexion – decreasing an angle between a joint
Extension – increasing an angle between a joint
Adduction – moving toward the midline
Abduction – moving away from the midline
Internal rotation – rotating inwardly towards the midline
External rotation – rotating outwardly away from the midline
Circumduction – circular motion
Supination – lateral rotation of the forearm and hand
Pronation - medial rotation of the forearm and hand
Plantar flexion – pointing the foot downward
Dorsiflexion – pointing your foot upward
Other odds and ends?
MIDLINE
Another reference point is the Midline. It
is an imaginary line that runs down the
centre of the body, dividing it into right
and left halves
For the YouTube generation:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5YcNAPzDxDg&feature=related
WHAT NOW….BONES?
HOW MANY ARE THERE?
 The human body consists of 206 bones
differing in size, shape, weight, and in some
cases, composition.
 The skeleton is divided into two major
parts:
AXIAL SKELETON
 APPENDICULAR SKELETON

AXIAL SKELETON
 The axial skeleton
supports the structures
along the midline of
the body:
 SKULL
 VERTEBRAL
COLUMN
 RIBS
 STERNUM
APPENDICULAR
SKELETON
 The appendicular
skeleton supports the
limbs and attaches
them to the body:
 ARMS
 LEGS
 SHOULDER and
PELVIC GIRDLE
The Skeleton System
 Functions of the Skeleton:
Provide a framework that gives shape to the
body;
 Protect the vital organs of the body i.e. Heart,
Lungs;
 Facilitate bodily movements by acting with
various muscles attached to bones;
 They store reserves of calcium and
phosphorus;
 To produce blood cells.

Key Concepts for Quiz 1
Anatomical position, A vs. P
Planes and Axes
Movements around a joint
Describing position/movement
Basic skeleton info
Summarizing after reading…why is this a good
university skill?