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Prattville High School Study Guide for Final What is the name given to the day that the Stock Market Crashed? Black Tuesday. 1 What is a budget deficit? Spending more than is collected. 2 Who were hobos? Homeless wanderers who often rode the rails. 3 What is speculation? Investing in the stock market hoping for a quick profit. 4 Who led the troops that dispersed the Bonus Army? Douglas MacArthur 5 What is a bank run? When many depositors withdraw money at once. 6 What did the Civil Works Administration do? They hired workers directly, including thousands of women, to build or improve airports, roads, and playgrounds. 7 What was one achievement of the Fair Labor Standards Act? Established a 40-hour workweek for many workers. 8 What was the role of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation? Covered people’s savings in banks against loss. 9 What group was formed to oppose the New Deal? The American Liberty League. 10 What did the National Housing Act do? Subsidized loans for builders willing to buy blocks of slums and build low-cost housing. 11 What agency awarded contracts to construction companies to build highways, dams, schools, and other facilities? Public Works Administration 12 What was the Securities Act? Required companies that sold stocks and bonds to provide complete and truthful information to investors. 13 What governmental act was established to provide some security for unemployed workers? Social Security Act 14 What was the major campaign issue in the 1928 election? Prohibition 15 Why did stock prices first begin to decline in late 1929? Investors began to sell their stock. 16 Why did farmers on the Great Plains begin to lose their crops in 1932? The soil dried up. 17 What did thousands of World War I veterans come to Washington in 1932 to do? Lobby Congress to pass legislation giving veterans their promised bonus early. 18 Why did President Hoover oppose direct federal relief of the unemployed? He believed that only state and city governments should dole out relief. 19 How did the National Credit Corporation try to rescue troubled banks? By using money from New York bankers to bail them out. 20 Why did many state governors declare “bank holidays”? To prevent bank runs and to give the American public confidence in the banking system. 21 To regulate the stock market, what did the Roosevelt Administration create? The Securities and Exchange Commission. 22 What was one thing the National Industrial Recovery Act set up? They set up codes of fair competition. 23 What was the most popular Nazi extermination camp? Auschwitz 24 What was the sitzkrieg? Period when Britain and France waited for the Germans to attack. 25 What was the Gestapo? Nazi government secret police. 26 What was the Holocaust? Mass killing of millions of Europeans (especially Jews) by the Nazis. 27 What was “cash and carry”? Requirement imposed by the first two Neutrality Acts for the purchase of nonmilitary supplies from the U.S. Aimed at keeping the U.S. out of the war. 28 Who did Adolf Hitler blame Germany’s defeat in World War I on? Jews 29 Who were the Axis Powers? Germany Italy Japan 30 When did it become obvious that appeasment had failed? When Hitler made demands for territory in Poland. 31 What did the Nuremberg Laws do? Took citizenship away from Jewish Germans. 32 What was the Maginot Line? French fortifications along the German border. 33 What happened to most of the Jewish refugees aboard the SS St. Louis? They died of the Nazis’ Final Solution. 34 What was the Nazis “Final Solution”? Extermination of the Jews. 35 What were Aryans? Believed by Hitler to be a “master race” destined to rule the world. 36 What is lebensraum? Living space. 37 What was the Luftwaffe? German air force. 38 Where did the Japanese military invade to get resources? Manchuria 39 What did the Neutrality Act of 1935 make illegal? For Americans to sell arms to any country at war. 40 What did Britain and France do at the Munich Conference? Gave in to Hitler’s demands for the Sudetenland. 41 What was the Nazi-Soviet nonaggression treaty? An agreement that Russia and Germany would not fight each other. Also contained a secret deal to divide Poland between them. 42 Who saved England in the Battle of Britain? The Royal Air Force (and radar). 43 What was Kristallnacht? Night of broken glass when anti-Jewish violence was rampant. 44 What was the Lend-Lease Act? Gave Roosevelt a way of getting arms to Britain without Britain having to pay cash. 45 What does the Nazi party stand for? National Socialist German Workers Party. 46 What was the name of the book that Hitler wrote while in prison? Mein Kampf (My Struggle) 47 What happened at Dunkirk? Dramatic evacuation of 338,000 British and French troops. 48 What happened on December 7, 1941? Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. 49 According to your book, what type of people were persecuted during the Holocaust? Jews The disabled Gypsies Homosexuals Slavic people 50 Who were the African American military unit that flew planes in W.W. II? The Tuskegee Airmen 51 What was the name of the bomber that dropped the first atomic bomb? Enola Gay 52 What was the purpose of rationing? To limit availability of consumer goods so that they may go toward the war effort. 53 What was the name of the Japanese American military unit? 442nd Regimental Combat Team 54 What was the name of the French beach in Normandy stormed by American invasion forces? Omaha 55 What was D-Day? Beginning of Operation Overlord when Allied forces made a European invasion. 56 What does “Double V” campaign refer to? Victory over Hitler’s racism abroad and victory over racism at home. 57 Where was the first time that the Japanese used kamikaze attacks? Leyte Gulf 58 Where did the Bataan Death March occur? In the Philippines 59 What did the Supreme Court rule in Korematsu v. the United States? That the relocation of Japanese Americans was constitutional because it was based on military urgency. 60 What was V-E Day? Victory in Europe (W.W. II) 61 Who led the American team of engineers and scientists building the atomic bomb? Robert Oppenheimer 62 Who said, “I felt like the moon, the stars, and all the planets had fallen on me”? Harry S. Truman 63 Who was in overall command of the invasion of France? Dwight D. Eisenhower 64 Why did Roosevelt create the Fair Employment Practices Commission? To enforce nondiscrimination in hiring workers in defense industries. 65 As a result of a presidential order allowing the military to declare any part of the U.S. to be a military zone, what happened to many Japanese Americans? They were put in internment camps. 66 Why was Iwo Jima an important objective for the American military? Because U.S. planes could bomb Japan from there. 67 What finally put an end to the Great Depression? World War II. 68 Who were the “Big Three” and where were they from? Stalin (Soviet Union) Churchill (Great Britain) Roosevelt (United States) 69 What was the Manhattan Project? The American program to build an atomic bomb. 70 What was the name of the city that the U.S. first dropped an atomic bomb on? Hiroshima 71 What was the name of the second city that the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on? Nagasaki 72 What were the names of the two atomic bombs dropped on Japan? Little Boy and Fat Man 73 What was a kamikaze? A japanese pilot that deliberately crashed their planes into American ships. 74 When was D-Day? June 6, 1944 75 What was the turning point of the war in the Pacific? The Battle of Midway 76 What was the Cold War? Era of confrontation between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. 77 What was the purpose of the Marshall Plan? To help Western Europe recover economically. 78 What did the Truman Doctrine result in? A pledge to fight and resist communism anywhere in the world. 79 What did leaders at the Yalta Conference agree to? To divide Germany among the four Allied powers after the war. 80 Who said that “an iron curtain had descended across the continent”? Winston Churchill 81 Who proposed the European Recovery Program that promised European nations American aid to rebuild their economies? George C. Marshall 82 At the Potsdam Conference, what did the Soviets want for Germany? They wanted them to pay reparations. 83 Who was the U-2 pilot shot down over the Soviet Union? Francis Gary Powers 84 Why did Truman say that the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan were essential? Because it would help contain communism by enableing democracies. 85 What were Ethal and Julius Rosenberg charged with? Passing atomic secrets to the Soviets (espionage). 86 How did Joseph McCarthy create the media frenzy that began his witch hunt? By saying that he had a list of Communists employed by the State Department. 87 What are satellite nations? Countries that although not under direct Soviet control, had to remain Communist and friendly to the Soviet Union and had to follow policies that the Soviets approved. 88 What was the Berlin Airlift? Aid given by the United States to Berliners where food, medicine and coal were airlifted into the city. 89 What was the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)? It was formed in 1938 to investigate both Communist and Fascist activities in the United States. 90 What was the Red Scare? Widespread fear in the United States in regards to Communism and the Soviet Union. 91 What was Sputnik? The first artifical satellite to orbit the earth. Launched by the Soviet Union. This technological triumph alarmed Americans, who took it as a sign that the United States was falling behind the Soviet Union in missile technology. 92 Who was the main symbol of the black power movement? Malcolm X 93 What did the ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson establish? The separate but equal doctrine. 94 How did Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. believe the way to end segreation? Through nonviolent passive resistance 95 What did Malcolm X conclude after his pilgrimage to Mekkah? That an integrated society was possible. 96 What did Brown v. Board of Education state? That segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. 97 What did African Americans do in response to the arrest of Rosa Parks? Organized a bus boycott of the bus system in Montgomery, Alabama. 98 What famous speech did Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. give at the march on Washington? He gave his famous “I have a dream” speech. 99 Why did Dr. King select Selma, Alabama for a protest march? Because African Americans were the majority, but only a fraction were registered to vote. 100 What should every little student do tonight? STUDY