Download Document

Survey
yes no Was this document useful for you?
   Thank you for your participation!

* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project

Document related concepts

List of types of proteins wikipedia , lookup

Transcript
Biochemistry Review


Biology is the study of living things.
Organic or Biochemistry is the study of the
chemical reactions in living things.
What is the smallest unit of matter?

An Atom
Atoms- What area is positive and what
area is negative?




The nucleus is positive
The electron cloud is negative
Where is the mass?
In the nucleus
Atoms






Atomic Number= # of protons
Atomic Mass= P+N
First Energy Level= can hold ..
2 electrons
Second Energy level can hold..
8 Electrons
What is a molecule?

A group of the same kind of atom held
together with covalent bonds
How are ions and isotopes
same/different?

They are both molecules and the number of
protons stays the same, BUT

Ions have different charges (different number
of electrons)
Isotopes have different masses (different
number of neutrons)

What makes a molecule polar?

Uneven sharing of electrons gives the
molecule partially negative areas and partially
positive areas

Give an example of a polar molecule.

Water – H20=Oxygen has a negative charge,
hydrogen has a positive charge.
What is a compound?


A substance made of two or more different
elements.
These elements are held together with ionic
bonds.
What is the most common element in
living things?
 Carbon
 It
is present in all four of the
biomolecules
 Which biomolecule contains
nitrogen?
 Protein
Let’s talk about bonds!


What are the three types we have covered?
Ionic, Covalent, and Hydrogen bonds
A Bond formed when molecules share
electrons

Covalent Bonds
A Bond between two oppositely
charged molecules (one positive one
negative)
 Ionic
bonds
A Weak bond between polar
molecules

A Hydrogen Bond
Four Categories of Biomolecules





Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
These are very large molecules so we call
them Macromolecules!
Carbohydrates- What do we know?






Ratio of C:H:O is
1:2:1
Monomers are:
saccharides-simple sugars
Polymers are:
polysaccharides- starches
Lipids






Monomers are glycerol and fatty acids
Polymers are Trigycerides- a glycerol with
three fatty acid chains
Lipids can be fats or oils,
They are nonpolar- don’t mix with water
Saturated fats are solid (butter, lard)
Unsaturated are oils (olive, vegetable)
Proteins


Monomer is an amino acid (20 types), each
amino acid has an R group on its central
carbon.
Polymers are polypeptides, two or more
amino acids bonded together
What is the process that builds
polymers from monomers?



Dehydration Synthesis (synthesize is to
make)
Remember this process gives off a molecule
of ……
H20
Breaking down polymers into
monomers
is
called
 Hydrolysis- “Lysis” is to break


What molecule is needed for this to happen?
H20 must be present and breaks into its parts
to replace the H’s and O
pH scale







1-14
What does it measure?
The acidity or basicity of a solution
7 is neutral
Acids are …
Below 7
Bases are …
Above 7
This is the end.
Best of Luck!