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Physics Vocabulary force a push or pull that causes an object to move, stop, or change direction friction a force that slows or stops motion when two surfaces rub against each other magnetism the attraction of an object containing iron to a magnet gravitation the force that pulls all objects in the universe toward one another balanced forces forces acting on an object that are equal in size and opposite in direction, canceling each other out unbalanced forces forces that are not equal; when one force is greater than its opposite force, the object’s motion changes energy the ability to cause change in position or temperature electric current the constant flow of electrons from through a conductor conductor a material that conducts electricity easily electric circuit the path along which electricity can flow insulator a material that does not carry electricity resistor a material that resists the flow of electricity in some way electromagnet a temporary magnet made by passing electric current through a wire coiled around an iron bar reflection the light energy that bounces off objects refraction the bending of light rays when they pass through a substance lens a piece of clear material that bends, or refracts, light rays passing through it temperature the average kinetic energy of all the molecules in an object Heat energy the energy of moving particles in a substance hydroelectric energy electricity generated from the force of moving water tidal energy a form of hydroelectric energy that produces electricity from the rising and falling of tides nuclear energy the energy released when the nucleus of an atom is split apart geothermal energy heat from inside the Earth solar energy the energy of sunlight