Download Clauses - North Pocono School District

Clauses
…include a subject and a verb
Main Types
 Independent (sentence)
 Dependent (Subordinate)
Dependent Clauses
 Adjective Clauses
 Adverb Clauses
 Noun Clauses
Adjective Clauses
 Modify nouns and pronouns
 Answer the questions which one?
What kind?
 Start with relative pron. or adv. (that,
which, who… or after, before, since…)
 Can be removed from the sentence
Essential versus Nonessential
 Nonessential clauses are unnecessary
to the basic meaning of the sentence
(usually follow proper nouns).
 Set these off with commas
 Essential clauses are necessary to
understand the meaning of the
sentence (after common nouns).
Adverb Clauses
 Usually modify verbs, but also modify
adverbs, adjectives, and verbals
 Tell where, when, in what manner, to
what extent, under what condition, or
why.
 Start with subordinating conjunctions
(although, because, if, where…)
 Usually start or end the sentence and
modify the verb
Elliptical Clauses (type of adv.
clause)
 The verb or subject is understood
 They start with than or as
Noun Clause
 Acts as a noun: subject, D.O., I.O.,
P.N., O.P., or App.
 Answers the question what
 They cannot be removed from the
sentence (except for appositives)
 Start with words like that, who, how,
what…
Identifying the Function of a Noun
Clause – by placement
Subj,
D.O.
I.O.
P.N.
Starts
the
sentence
after
action
verb
(what?)
between
after
a. verb
linking
and D.O.
verb
(for whom?)
O.P.
App.
After
Prep.
after a
noun
Determining Adjective, Adverb,
or Noun…
 If the clause starts the sentence…
 Followed by a comma – adv.
 Not followed by a comma – n.
 If the clause can be removed from
the sentence…
 If the clause follows a noun and
describes a noun – adj.
 If the clause indicates where, when, or a
condition – adv.
 If the clause tells what or who – N.