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Variation and the Monohybrid Cross Higher Biology Significance of meiosis Allele: gene different forms of the same ‘Meiosis provides the opportunity for new combinations of the existing alleles of genes to arise” Independent assortment of chromosomes • Homologous pairs line up at equator during first meiotic division • Final position of any one pair is random relative to any other • Second meiotic division brings about independent assortment of chromosomes • This may lead to new phenotypes in the next generation Crossing over and separation of linked genes • Chromosome is aligned with its homologous partner during first meiotic division • Portions of chromatid exchanged at points called chiasmata Chiasmata • Chromatids become broken • Broken end of one joins with that of another • Alleles of linked genes can become separated • Formation of new allele combinations • Formation of new phenotypes Importance of Variation • Helps species adapt to a changing environment • ‘Survival of the fittest’ then occurs as a result of natural selection Monohybrid Cross • Cross between true-breeding parents with different alleles of the same gene • Genotype: gene • Phenotype: the alleles the individual possesses of a particular physical appearance of an individual Mendel’s First Law • The principle of segregation • alleles of a gene exist in pairs • when gametes form – members of each pair pass into different gametes – each gamete contains only one allele of each gene Incomplete dominance This powerpoint was kindly donated to www.worldofteaching.com http://www.worldofteaching.com is home to over a thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a completely free site and requires no registration. Please visit and I hope it will help in your teaching.