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Intro to Cellular Respiration Part II: 3 Parts of Cellular Respiration A.P. Bio Ch. 9 Status Check • What is an Oxidation-Reduction reaction? • Which atom is oxidized? • Which atom is reduced? Remember Mufasa!!!! Big Ideas for Cell. Res. • Cell. Respiration is a REDOX reaction!!!!!! • Break EVERY bond in glucose to release energy (stripping a car) • Purpose is to transfer energy from glucose to ATP (atom bomb to sticks of dynamite) • What is going in and going out at each step, and why each item is important Chemical Reaction C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy • What is being oxidized? • What is being reduced? • Key Concepts: – C in glucose turned into CO2 – O2 converted into H2O Car Analogy • Stripping a car – You want to strip the car as much as you can in order to maximize what you can sell (more $$$$ for more parts) • For glucose, you want to break EVERY bond that you can – Maximize amount of energy that you release and convert to ATP 3 Main Steps for Cell. Res. • Step 1: Glycolysis – Split 1 glucose molecule into 2 molecules of pyruvate – 1 6-carbon ring 2 3-carbon chains 3 Main Steps for Cell. Res. • Step 2: Krebs Cycle/Citric Acid Cycle – Break pyruvate up into CO2, H+, and e– H+ & e- go to Electron Transport Chain (step 3) 3 Main Steps for Cell. Res. • Step 3: Oxidative Phosphorylation/Electro n Transport Chain – Directs stripped H+ to diffuse through membrane proteins in mitochondria – As H+ diffuse through, majority of ATP is created Before We Begin… • Nicotinamide (NAD+) – Serves as a safe e- transporter and H+ transporter – Created in Glycolysis and CAC – Used in Oxydative Phosphorylation/ETC • Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) – Used like NAD+ – Lower in energy than NAD+ Overview of All 3 Steps Step 1: Glycolysis • Split 1 glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules (yank out the engine and rims) – Need to actually use energy to start rxn (2 ATP) – Split releases energy (ATP), e- and H+ (NADH) – Split creates pyruvate, 4 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 H2O Step 1: Glycolysis • In your worksheet, write out a basic chemical formula for glycolysis – Distinguish between reactants (input) and products (output) – Label each product as usable or waste Step 2: Krebs Cycle/ Citric Acid Cycle • Breakdown carbon chains into CO2 (Now get to radio, speakers…you get idea!) – Pyruvate turned into Acetyl CoA – Acetyl CoA broken down into CO2 – H+ & e- stripped off, transported as NADH, FADH2 – Energy released stored as ATP – End products: 2 ATP, 3 NADH, FADH2, 3 CO2 – Remember each glucose give 2 pyruvate, therefore TWO turns in Citric Acid Cycle Step 2: Krebs Cycle/ Citric Acid Cycle • In your worksheet, write out a basic chemical formula for Citric Acid Cycle – Distinguish between reactants (input) and products (output) – Label each product as usable or waste Step 3: Oxidative Phosphorylation Time to go clubbing!!! (go shorty, its your birthday…) • Two Parts in Oxidative Phosphorylation – Electron Transport Chain – Chemiosmosis • Basic Concept: Use H+ and high energy eproduced in Glycolysis and Citric Acid Cycle to create massive amounts of ATP Step 3: Oxidative Phosphorylation • Electron Transport Chain – High energy from e- passed through protein complexes embedded in inner mitochondrial membrane – (club hopping) – Energy (cover charge) is used to pump H+ across membrane, creating high [H+] in intermembrane space – Low energy e- bonds with O2 and H+ to safely create H2O Illustration of Electron Transport Chain Step 3: Oxidative Phosphorylation • Chemiosmosis – High [H+] created in intermembrane space starts to flow back into matrix (diffusion) – Can only flow back into matrix through protein called ATP synthase – Each H+ that flows through turns “crank” in ATP synthase that creates ATP – Chemiosmosis creates 32-34 ATP per glucose molecule Illustration of Chemiosmosis Step 3: Oxidative Phosphorylation • Summary – Use NADH, FADH, and H+ created from first two steps to create high [H+] – As H+ move, ATP created via ATP synthase – O2 used to accept low energy e- to safely create H2O Step 3: Oxidative Phosphorylation • In your worksheet, write out a basic chemical formula for Oxidative Phosphorylation – Distinguish between reactants (input) and products (output) – Label each product as usable or waste Review Questions • • • • Which step creates CO2? Which step creates most ATP? What happens to the O2 we breathe in? True or False: You need O2 in order for all steps to occur. • What is the purpose of NAD+ and FAD? • What is pyruvate?