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Download BIOL 101 Cellular Respiration I. Organic Molecules A. Energy input
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BIOL 101 Cellular Respiration I. Organic Molecules A. Energy input 1. ATP 2. reducing power B. Energy retrieval 1. strip away electrons from chemical bonds 2. oxidation of food molecules - cellular respiration - 2 step process (remove e- then use) II. Glycolysis (first step) - in cytoplasm A. Splitting of glucose 1. 9 enzyme-catalyzed reactions 2. glucose → two 3-C molecules 3. pyruvate B. Substrate-level phosphorylation 1. transfer of high-energy Pi to ADP 2. net gain of ____ ATP per glucose C. Two electrons removed and carried as NADH (will use later) III. Oxidation (oxidative respiration) - mostly in mitochondria; O2 must be present A. Pyruvate oxidized 1. CO2 2. acetyl-CoA a. ATP synthesis (oxidative respiration) b. fat synthesis B. Krebs cycle/citric acid cycle (in the matrix) 1. acetyl-CoA stuck onto 4-C sugar 2. enzyme-catalyzed metabolic pathway 3. net results a. ____ CO2 b. ____ NADH and ____ FADH2 - each pair of e- will power synthesis of 2 or 3 ATP c. ____ ATP d. original 4-C sugar C. Electron Transport System (carries out oxidative phosphorylation) 1. similar to photosynthesis 2. protons pumped out of matrix 3. chemiosmosis a. now a ↓ [H+] inside matrix b. H+ diffuse across inner membrane - special channel protein 4. used e- are not recycled: 5. H2O D. Net results 1. _____ ATP from complete oxidation of one glucose 2. _____ ATP from glycolysis alone E. Regulation - “feedback inhibition” IV. Fermentation A. _____________ is absent. B. Glycolysis cannot proceed without NAD+ NAD all fully occupied (NADH) if no O2 available to accept e1. animals: 2. yeasts