Carnitine metabolism and biosynthesis in yeast Saccharomyces
... carnitine shuttle, is supported by the activities of carnitine acyltransferases and carnitine/acylcarnitine transporters, and is reasonably well studied and understood. While this function remains the only metabolically well established role of carnitine, several studies have been reporting benefici ...
... carnitine shuttle, is supported by the activities of carnitine acyltransferases and carnitine/acylcarnitine transporters, and is reasonably well studied and understood. While this function remains the only metabolically well established role of carnitine, several studies have been reporting benefici ...
REGULATION OF CYTOCHROME P450 BY
... 2001; Lohr et al., 1998; Parker and Schimmer, 1997). It is also appreciated that various enzymes are found not only in different cell and tissue types, but also in different subcellular compartments, such as the outer nuclear membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, golgi, peroxisome, and ...
... 2001; Lohr et al., 1998; Parker and Schimmer, 1997). It is also appreciated that various enzymes are found not only in different cell and tissue types, but also in different subcellular compartments, such as the outer nuclear membrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, golgi, peroxisome, and ...
Presentation part1-201210091211
... Under normal physiological conditions, the primary site of carnitine production is in the liver. During lactation, the production of carnitine in the mammary gland increases, apparently at the expense of production in the mother's liver, which is also accompanied by reduced hepatic enzymatic and tra ...
... Under normal physiological conditions, the primary site of carnitine production is in the liver. During lactation, the production of carnitine in the mammary gland increases, apparently at the expense of production in the mother's liver, which is also accompanied by reduced hepatic enzymatic and tra ...
Carnitine-Metabolism and Functions
... of the nuclear enzyme is -3 PM, a value well below the intracellular concentrations of S-adenosylmethionine. Partially purified enzyme from calf thymus methylates histone and a variety of proteins. It is not known whether more than one enzyme is active in protein lysine methylation. Mono-, di-, and ...
... of the nuclear enzyme is -3 PM, a value well below the intracellular concentrations of S-adenosylmethionine. Partially purified enzyme from calf thymus methylates histone and a variety of proteins. It is not known whether more than one enzyme is active in protein lysine methylation. Mono-, di-, and ...
Regulation of Urea Synthesis by Agmatine in the Perfused Liver
... periportal hepatocytes and is linked to urea cycle activity (2, 25, 38, 47). Arginase II is found primarily in mitochondria (7, 17, 38, 47); (ii) Decarboxylation via mitochondrial arginine decarboxylase (ADC) to produce agmatine and CO2 (14, 39, 47); and/or (iii) Metabolism via NOsynthase to form ni ...
... periportal hepatocytes and is linked to urea cycle activity (2, 25, 38, 47). Arginase II is found primarily in mitochondria (7, 17, 38, 47); (ii) Decarboxylation via mitochondrial arginine decarboxylase (ADC) to produce agmatine and CO2 (14, 39, 47); and/or (iii) Metabolism via NOsynthase to form ni ...
human-physiology-8th-edition-lauralee-sherwood-test-bank
... a. is most abundant in cells specialized for protein secretion b. gives rise to transport vesicles containing newly synthesized molecules wrapped in a layer of smooth ER membrane c. consists of stacks of relatively flattened sacs called cristae d. has only a few ribosomes attached to it e. is a prim ...
... a. is most abundant in cells specialized for protein secretion b. gives rise to transport vesicles containing newly synthesized molecules wrapped in a layer of smooth ER membrane c. consists of stacks of relatively flattened sacs called cristae d. has only a few ribosomes attached to it e. is a prim ...
FREE Sample Here
... 60. Which of the following is not a principle of the cell theory? a. Most cells come from preexisting cells. b. Cells are the smallest things that can be alive. c. A cell’s structure determines the cell’s ability to function. d. All cells have certain fundamental structures and functions in common. ...
... 60. Which of the following is not a principle of the cell theory? a. Most cells come from preexisting cells. b. Cells are the smallest things that can be alive. c. A cell’s structure determines the cell’s ability to function. d. All cells have certain fundamental structures and functions in common. ...
FREE Sample Here
... Test-Bank-for-Human-Physiology-From-Cells-to-Systems-8th-Edition--by-Lauralee-Sherw 17. Which characteristic of the Golgi complex is incorrect? a. It sorts and directs products to their final destination. b. It is a membranous organelle surrounded by cytosol. c. It produces lysosomes. d. It modifies ...
... Test-Bank-for-Human-Physiology-From-Cells-to-Systems-8th-Edition--by-Lauralee-Sherw 17. Which characteristic of the Golgi complex is incorrect? a. It sorts and directs products to their final destination. b. It is a membranous organelle surrounded by cytosol. c. It produces lysosomes. d. It modifies ...
An in Silico Liver: Model of Gluconeogenesis
... interplay between gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism, and alcohol metabolism in the fasted rat liver. Biochemical pathways are represented by key kinetic reactions that include allosteric and substrates effectors, and phosphorylation/dephosphorylation enzymes regulation. The model also incorporates t ...
... interplay between gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism, and alcohol metabolism in the fasted rat liver. Biochemical pathways are represented by key kinetic reactions that include allosteric and substrates effectors, and phosphorylation/dephosphorylation enzymes regulation. The model also incorporates t ...
Metabolic downregulation during diapause in embryos of Artemia
... which they are released into the environment (Clegg and Conte 1980, Qiu and MacRae 2010). These late gastrula embryos are made up of roughly 4000 cells and have a selectively permeable cyst wall which allows only water and gases to diffuse across (Clegg and Conte 1980). When released from the adult ...
... which they are released into the environment (Clegg and Conte 1980, Qiu and MacRae 2010). These late gastrula embryos are made up of roughly 4000 cells and have a selectively permeable cyst wall which allows only water and gases to diffuse across (Clegg and Conte 1980). When released from the adult ...
Production and Utilization of Acetate in Mammals
... Acetate is probably significant in non-herbivores also, since it is rapidly cleared from the blood if injected in vivo or generated from precursors such as ethanol (Ciaranfi & Fonnesu, 1954; Smyth, 1947; Krebs & Perkins, 1970). Further, acetate is present in the blood of fed or starved non-herbivore ...
... Acetate is probably significant in non-herbivores also, since it is rapidly cleared from the blood if injected in vivo or generated from precursors such as ethanol (Ciaranfi & Fonnesu, 1954; Smyth, 1947; Krebs & Perkins, 1970). Further, acetate is present in the blood of fed or starved non-herbivore ...
Ch23-Oxidation of Fatty Acids and Ketone Bodies
... acyl group is transferred back to CoA by a second enzyme, carnitine:palmitoyltransferase II (CPTII or CATII). The carnitine released in this reaction returns to the cytosolic side of the mitochondrial membrane by the same translocase that brings fatty acylcarnitine to the matrix side. Long-chain fat ...
... acyl group is transferred back to CoA by a second enzyme, carnitine:palmitoyltransferase II (CPTII or CATII). The carnitine released in this reaction returns to the cytosolic side of the mitochondrial membrane by the same translocase that brings fatty acylcarnitine to the matrix side. Long-chain fat ...
GLYCOGENOLYSIS AND GLYCOLYSIS IN MUSCLE
... other species, and the ability of mitochondria to take up and oxidize lactate directly. As will be described in the following section, since the 1920s, it has been believed that lactate is produced in muscle and other cells as the result of insufficient oxygen. However, it is now clear that lactate i ...
... other species, and the ability of mitochondria to take up and oxidize lactate directly. As will be described in the following section, since the 1920s, it has been believed that lactate is produced in muscle and other cells as the result of insufficient oxygen. However, it is now clear that lactate i ...
respiration
... Types of respiration 2 Anaerobic respiration (缺氧呼吸) • does not require oxygen • glucose is only partly broken down • much less energy is released • products are different from aerobic respiration ...
... Types of respiration 2 Anaerobic respiration (缺氧呼吸) • does not require oxygen • glucose is only partly broken down • much less energy is released • products are different from aerobic respiration ...
MITOCHONDRIAL DNA REPLICATION IN PRE
... 4.7.1 High oocyte mtDNA copy numbers improve fertilisation outcomes ................138 4.7.2 Delayed mtDNA replication occurs in BCB-oocytes due to delayed expression of nuclear-encoded mtDNA replication factors..........................................................139 4.7.3 Continued mtDNA repl ...
... 4.7.1 High oocyte mtDNA copy numbers improve fertilisation outcomes ................138 4.7.2 Delayed mtDNA replication occurs in BCB-oocytes due to delayed expression of nuclear-encoded mtDNA replication factors..........................................................139 4.7.3 Continued mtDNA repl ...
Engineering Cytosolic Acetyl-CoA Metabolism in
... lack of cytosolic acetyl-CoA for lipid biosynthesis. Its growth inability on glucose could be restored through directed evolution, which was explained by an in-frame internal deletion in MTH1 (MTH1-∆T). The MTH1-∆T allele resulted in reduced glucose uptake, which may attenuate the repression of resp ...
... lack of cytosolic acetyl-CoA for lipid biosynthesis. Its growth inability on glucose could be restored through directed evolution, which was explained by an in-frame internal deletion in MTH1 (MTH1-∆T). The MTH1-∆T allele resulted in reduced glucose uptake, which may attenuate the repression of resp ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a metabolic regulator of
... pathways important for cell growth and differentiation, and transformation. NADH is two to three orders of magnitude more effective than NAD in enhancing binding. Levels of the free pool NAD(H) determined in this study using both two-photon excitation microscopy and conventional measurements (the py ...
... pathways important for cell growth and differentiation, and transformation. NADH is two to three orders of magnitude more effective than NAD in enhancing binding. Levels of the free pool NAD(H) determined in this study using both two-photon excitation microscopy and conventional measurements (the py ...
The Proposed Effects of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD
... physical training, these can effect both major systems/organs and more microscopic changes cellularly. These adaptations occur as a result of prolonged exposure to particular situations in an attempt to become a more efficient system. There is evidence that rats see an increase in mitochondria along ...
... physical training, these can effect both major systems/organs and more microscopic changes cellularly. These adaptations occur as a result of prolonged exposure to particular situations in an attempt to become a more efficient system. There is evidence that rats see an increase in mitochondria along ...
Slide 1
... equivalents per NADH/FADH2 [2.5 and 1.5 instead of 3 and 2] which lowers the numbers somewhat (Berg). ...
... equivalents per NADH/FADH2 [2.5 and 1.5 instead of 3 and 2] which lowers the numbers somewhat (Berg). ...
Carnitine Overview
... carries a molecule of cytosolic acylcarnitine within the mitochondrion exchanging it with one molecule of free carnitine present in the mitochondrion, that is transported in the cytosol. ...
... carries a molecule of cytosolic acylcarnitine within the mitochondrion exchanging it with one molecule of free carnitine present in the mitochondrion, that is transported in the cytosol. ...
Influence of temperature on the dynamics of ATP, ADP and non
... trees. The results of the nucleotides test indicated that endodormancy ended before the end of December (authors’ unpublished data), whereas changes in ATP concentration and ATP/ADP ratio did not occur until after the end of January (Figures 2 and 3). On the other hand, the dynamics of the changes s ...
... trees. The results of the nucleotides test indicated that endodormancy ended before the end of December (authors’ unpublished data), whereas changes in ATP concentration and ATP/ADP ratio did not occur until after the end of January (Figures 2 and 3). On the other hand, the dynamics of the changes s ...
The influence of age and type 2 diabetes on
... bedside regarding the susceptibility to myocardial infarction with old age and diabetes. In laboratories all over the world, strategies have been developed to protect the myocardium from this insult, including the use of ischaemic conditioning (short periods of ischaemia and reperfusion prior to or ...
... bedside regarding the susceptibility to myocardial infarction with old age and diabetes. In laboratories all over the world, strategies have been developed to protect the myocardium from this insult, including the use of ischaemic conditioning (short periods of ischaemia and reperfusion prior to or ...
III BSC BT - 609 W1
... 111. The roots of many aquatic plants have special structures that project above the surface of the water. Which of the following is the most logical function of these structures? A. obtaining carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. B. nitrogen fixation. C. obtaining oxygen for the roots. D. transpiratio ...
... 111. The roots of many aquatic plants have special structures that project above the surface of the water. Which of the following is the most logical function of these structures? A. obtaining carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. B. nitrogen fixation. C. obtaining oxygen for the roots. D. transpiratio ...
PDF - Circulation Research
... blocks for growth and the products of destruction of the thousands of proteins and lipid membranes comprising the cardiomyocyte. Protein quality control, autophagy, and the ubiquitin proteasome pathway each are closely intertwined with intermediary metabolism of the cardiomyocyte. (5) Beyond energy ...
... blocks for growth and the products of destruction of the thousands of proteins and lipid membranes comprising the cardiomyocyte. Protein quality control, autophagy, and the ubiquitin proteasome pathway each are closely intertwined with intermediary metabolism of the cardiomyocyte. (5) Beyond energy ...
Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. The word mitochondrion comes from the Greek μίτος, mitos, i.e. ""thread"", and χονδρίον, chondrion, i.e. ""granule"" or ""grain-like"".Mitochondria range from 0.5 to 1.0 μm in diameter. A considerable variation can be seen in the structure and size of this organelle. Unless specifically stained, they are not visible. These structures are described as ""the powerhouse of the cell"" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling, cellular differentiation, and cell death, as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth. Mitochondria have been implicated in several human diseases, including mitochondrial disorders, cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure. A recent University of California study including ten children diagnosed with severe autism suggests that autism may be correlated with mitochondrial defects as well.Several characteristics make mitochondria unique. The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism, tissue, and cell type. For instance, red blood cells have no mitochondria, whereas liver cells can have more than 2000. The organelle is composed of compartments that carry out specialized functions. These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, the inner membrane, and the cristae and matrix. Mitochondrial proteins vary depending on the tissue and the species. In humans, 615 distinct types of protein have been identified from cardiac mitochondria, whereas in rats, 940 proteins have been reported. The mitochondrial proteome is thought to be dynamically regulated. Although most of a cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus, the mitochondrion has its own independent genome. Further, its DNA shows substantial similarity to bacterial genomes.