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Cells
Coach Kirkpatrick
Biology
Text: Biology: Principles and
Explorations
Cell Theory
All living things are composed of 1 or more
cells.
Cells are the basic unit of structure &
function.
Cells come only from existing cells.
Cell Organization
Prokaryotes:
Organisms whose cells
do NOT have a
nucleus. This includes
ONLY bacteria.
Eukaryotes:
Organisms whose cells
contain a nucleus.
Includes both
unicellular and multicellular organisms.
Everything except
bacteria.
Cell Membrane (Plasma
Membrane)
Does not dissolve in watery environment of the
body.
The membrane is nonpolar but the
environment of the body is polar. The
chemical composition is not the same so it’s
like mixing oil and water.
Consists of a lipid bilayer made up of polar
heads and nonpolar tails. This lipid bilayer is
chemically composed of phospholipids.
Phospholipids are compounds containing
phosphorus and fatty acids.
Cell Parts
Cytoplasm: Jelly-like fluid in the interior of
the cell. Contains organic salts, minerals and
water.
Organelles: Specialized parts or
compartments with special functions.
Prokaryotes do not have organelles, ONLY
eukaryotes.
Other organelles include those on your cell
function cards.
Microscopes
Light Microscopes: Uses lights and various
lenses to help magnify objects.
SEM: Scanning electron microscopes use
electrons to create a 3-D image as electrons
bounce off the surface of specimens.
TEM: Tunneling electron microscopes use
electrons, but they pass through specimens
to form an image.