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Alexander the Great Philip II (Alexander’s father) • Became king of Macedon in 359 BC • Conquered south • Athenian Demosthenes spoke out against him (Three Philippics) • Battle of Chaeronea 338 BC, defeated Athens and Thebes, controlled Greece • Assassinated in 336 BC Young Alexander • Born in 356 BC to Philip II and Olympias (nonMacedonian) • Tutored by Aristotle and Leonidas • Tamed the horse Bucephalus • Father assassinated in 336 BC • Life of Alexander by Plutarch “Untying” the Gordion Knot • Gordium, Turkey, 333 BC • Tied by King Midas or his father Gordius • The prophecy • Alexander solves it Battle of Granicus, 334 BC • First major victory over Persians • Persia ruled by Darius III • 47,000 (Macedonians and various Greeks) versus 24,000 • Greek mercenaries • Granicus - river near Troy Battle of Issus, 333 BC • Alexander defeats Darius III despite being heavily outnumbered • Darius III flees • Empire expands to include Persia More battles • Battle of Gaugamela, 331 BC, against Darius III again • Battle of Hydapses, 326 BC, Punjab region of Pakistan, against King Poros, war elephants • Empire extends to western India • Hellenistic vs. Hellenic culture Alexander’s Empire Superimposed on modern map Alexander’s Demise • Got sick and stayed in Babylon, died there in 323 BC • Divided up empire among the Diadochi (The followers) • Egypt – The Ptolemies 305-30 BC • Asia – Seleucids 305-63 BC • Macedonia – Antigonids, 295-168 BC Seleucids, Ptolemies, Antigonids Egypt and Alexandria • Ptolemies followed the pharoahs, 305-30 BC • Many Cleopatras • The Library of Alexandria • Three separate burnings • 30 BC – Roman conquest
