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Map of Macedonia Philip II (Alexander’s father) • Became king of Macedon in 359 BC • Conquered south • Athenian philosopher/orator Demosthenes spoke out against him (Three Philippics) • Controlled Greece after Battle of Chaeronea 338 BC, defeated Athens and Thebes • Assassinated in 336 BC Young Alexander • Born in 356 BC to Philip II and Olympias (nonMacedonian) • Tutored by Aristotle and Leonidas • Tamed the horse Bucephalus • Father assassinated in 336 BC “Untying” the Gordion Knot • Gordium, Turkey • Prophecy • How Alexander did it Battle of Granicus, 334 BC • First major victory over Persians • Granicus was a river near Troy Battle of Issus, 333 BC • Alexander defeats Darius III despite being heavily outnumbered • Darius III flees • Empire expands to include Persia The Battle of Issus More battles • Battle of Gaugamela, 331 BC, against Darius III again • Battle of Hydapses, 326 BC, Punjab region of Pakistan, against King Poros, war elephants • Empire extends to western India • Hellenistic vs. Hellenic culture Alexander’s Empire Alexander’s Demise • Got sick and stayed in Babylon, died there in 323 BC • Divided up empire among the Diadochi (The followers) • Egypt – The Ptolemies 305-30 BC • Asia – Seleucids 305-63 BC • Macedonia – Antigonids, 295-168 BC Seleucids, Ptolemies, Antigonids A New Power • Rome annexed Syria/Lebanon in 64 BC ending Seleucid rule • Rome annexed Egypt in 30 BC
