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Study Guide
The Greeks
1. Iranian Medes and settled agriculture
2. ancient Iran: warriors, priests and peasants
3. Cyrus: the unifier of Iran
4. Darius I
5. Persepolis
6. hereditary provisional governors or _________
7. Persian subjects could keep local laws while acknowledging the supreme law
8. Zoroastrianism: ethical code, good v. evil, supreme deity
9. The Greek Dark Age (1200-800 BCE)
10. Greece: resource ________
11. surpluses and colonization ----
12. Greek farmers grew: barley, _____ trees and _____ _____
13. craft skills
14. Greek Dark Age ended with renewed contacts with _______ _______
15. ___________ alphabet adapted to Greek writing system
16. Greek polis/city-state - “The Greek city-states, unencumbered by the gross
bureaucracies of the Mesopotamian, Assyrian and Persian empires, were able to
show a greater dynamism and to command the active allegiance of a much greater
proportion of their populations when it came to war.”
17. tyranny
18. oligarchy
19. Greek slavery --- “The relative unproductiveness of the land had one other very
important side effect. The surplus output that could be obtained after feeding a
peasant family and its children was quite small. But it could be increased
considerably by working the land --- and later the mines and large craft
establishments --- with the labor of childless adults. The enslavement of war
captives provided just such a labor force --- slavery in Greece, as later in Rome,
became a major source or the surplus”
20. Athens --- It became the leading city of Ancient Greece in the first millennium
BC. Its cultural achievements during the 5th century BC laid the foundations of
western civilization
21. Athenian working classes and “democracy” --- “In some states, most notably
Athens, the pressure from below resulted in even more radical changes --- the
replacement of both oligarchy and tyranny by ‘democracy.’ The word, taken
literally, means ‘people power.’ In reality it never referred to the whole people
since it excluded slaves, women and resident non-citizens --- the metics, who
often accounted for a large percentage of the traders and craftsmen. It did not
challenge the concentration of property --- and slaves --- it the hands of the rich
either --- but did give the poor the power to protect themselves from the worst
extortions of the rich”
22. Solons reforms (594 BCE)
23. Sparta
24. helots
25. Ionian Revolt: The Ionian Revolts were triggered by the actions of Aristagoras,
the tyrant of the Ionian city of Miletus at the end of the 6th century BC and the
beginning of the 5th century BC. They constituted the first major conflict between
Greece and Persia.
26. Persian Wars --- Darius & Xerxes
27. Greek hoplites
28. Battle of Marathon (490 BCE)
29. Battle of Thermopylae (480 BCE)
30. Themistocles (525 - c.460 BCE)
31. mines an Laurian
32. trireme
33. Battle of Salamis (480 BCE)
34. Delian League
35. Island of Delos
36. Pericles (495 BCE-429 BCE)
37. “Golden Age” literary, theatrical and artistic achievements of Athens were due in
part to __________ and __________
38. Peloponnesian War (431 BCE - 404 BCE)
39. Socrates (469 BCE – May 7, 399 BCE)
40. Peloponnesian League
41. Fall of Athens
42. Philip II of Macedon (382-336 BCE)
43. Alexander (356 BCE -323 BCE) --- get the Persians!
44. Hellenistic Age
45. Oracle at Delphi
46. Greek humanism
47. Alexandria
48. Alexander and control of a vast empire
49. Alexander’s death --- fragmentation of empire
50. The Hellenistic Age