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Biotechnology
Genetic Engineering
Definition: alters
the DNA of an
organism to get the traits desired
Gene Therapy
Definition: adding or deleting parts of
genes to get rid of genetic disorders
Selective Breeding
Definition: selecting
two organisms
with desired traits to serve as
parents of the next generation
Inbreeding
Definition: two organisms that have similar
characteristics mate but produce
offspring with genetic disorders
Hybridization
Definition: the crossing of two genetically
different organisms resulting in an
organism that has the best trait from
both parents – offspring is infertile
Cloning
Definition: an
organism that is used to
create a new identical copy of that
same organism as an offspring
Gene
Splicing/Recombinant
DNA
Definition: two different
organisms’ DNA put together in the
same DNA strand.
Example – Human DNA is cut by a
restriction enzyme. Bacteria DNA
is inserted into the cut. This
makes a transgenic organism.
Genetically Modified
Food
Definition: engineering crops to allow
them to grow in poor soil conditions,
resist disease, tolerate drought, repel
insects, etc.
Lab Grown Organs
Definition: Using
stem cells to create
new organs for a transplant
Transgenic Organisms
Definition: creating an organism that will
exhibit a new trait that can be passed to its
offspring
Genetic Screening
Definition: testing DNA to rule out genetic
diseases and determine the likelihood
of developing a genetic disorder
Analyzing Genetic
Screening
Gel Electrophoresis – a method to separate the
fragments of DNA based on size to create a DNA
Fingerprint. The DNA fragments are separated in gel
and viewed as bands.
How The Information is Used:
Forensics – Help solve crimes by
matching suspects DNA to the
crime scene DNA
Medicine – Determining the father
of a child by matching DNA bands
Evolution – Compare DNA bands of
organisms to determine
evolutionary relationships
Forensic Example:
Stem Cell Therapy
Definition: using stem cells to treat or
prevent a disease by transplanting bone
marrow or umbilical cord blood