Download Review Sheet for Lecture Exam 2 Chapter Five Structure and

Review Sheet for Lecture Exam 2
Chapter Five Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules
1. Structure and function of Carbohydrates (Monosaccharides, Disaccharides and Polysaccharides).
Glycosidic linkage. Dehydration reactions, Hydrolysis reactions
2. Structure and function of Lipids (Fats, Phospholipids, Steroids). Ester linkage, saturated and
unsaturated fats
3. Structure and function of proteins. Levels of protein structure (primary, secondary, tertiary and
quaternary) Peptide bonds. How many amino acids are there? What do all amino acids have in
common? How do they differ? What is a chaperonin protein? What is denaturation?
4. Structure and function of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). How does DNA differ from RNA? What
are the bases in DNA and RNA? What are purines and pyrimidines? What are the base pairing
rules? What does it mean when we talk about the 5’3’ and the 3’5’ direction of DNA? What is
the overall process of protein synthesis? (see fig 5.23)
5. What is genomics?
Chapter Six A Tour of the Cell
1.
2.
3.
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6.
7.
How we study cells (cell fractionation and types of microscopes)
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic cells
Functions of the cell parts
Differences between plant and animal cells
The cell theory states what?
What are the intercellular connections (fig 6.30)
Cells-Tissues-Organs-Organ systems-Organisms
Chapter Seven-Membrane Structure and Function
1.
2.
3.
4.
Structure of the cell or plasma membrane (fig.7.3)
Function of the proteins in the cell membrane
Movement of small molecules and water across the cell membrane.
Diffusion, Osmosis (hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic solutions. Make sure you understand
what happens to the cell under those conditions. See fig 7.12) Facilitated diffusion and Active
transport.
5. Sodium-Potassium pump
6. Moving large molecules across the plasma membrane. Exocytosis and Endocytosis (see fig 7.19)
Chapter Eight-An Introduction to Metabolism
1. Metabolism, Catabolism and Anabolism
2. Potential and Kinetic energy
3.
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10.
The two Laws of Thermodynamics
Free energy
Exergonic and Endergonic reactions
ATP structure and function
Enzyme structure and function (substrate, active site, induced fit) What is activation energy?
How are enzymes inhibited? (competitive and noncompetitive inhibition)
Cofactors and coenzymes
Feedback inhibition