Download Human Blood Groups

Human Blood Groups
Anatomy and Physiology
Blood Transfusions
• Loss of blood leads to constriction and cell
formation
• Loss of 15-30% leads to pallor and
weakness
• Loss of over 30% leads to shock/fatal
• Transfusion can restore blood volume
– Blood needs to be the proper type
Human Blood Groups
• RBC membranes have antigen proteins
– Cell identification markers
– Antibodies recognize the antigens
– Cells agglutinate (clump up)
• May clog small vessels
– Antibodies destroy cells releasing hemoglobin
• Leads to kidney damage
• ABO and Rh groups the most reactive
– Out of 30 antigens
ABO Blood Groups
• Based on 2 antigens
– A and B
– One inherited from each parent
– AA and A_ type A
– BB and B_ type B
– AB
type AB
– Neither
type O
• One has the opposite antibodies to the
antigens on their cells
Rh Blood Groups
• A different antigen on the RBC
– If it is present + not then –
• Anti Rh antibodies not automatic
– Rh – people have to develop immunity to Rh+
– Second transfusion will cause immune
response
• Important to Rh- moms with Rh+ fetus
– Second + baby could be attacked
• Hemolytic disease of the newborn
Blood Typing
• Important for both donor and recipient
• Agglutination test
• Eldon Cards
– Anti A
– Anti B
– Anti D(Rh)
– Control