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The Blood
1
Blood Volume
• varies with
• body size
• changes in fluid concentration
• changes in electrolyte
concentration
• amount of adipose tissue
• about 8% of body weight
• about 5 liters
2
Characteristics of Erythrocytes
• Also known as Red Blood Cells
(RBC)
• biconcave discs (depression on both
sides)
• one-third hemoglobin (Hemoglobin
carries oxygen that makes blood
bright red)
•Survive approximately 120 days
3
Leukocytes
• Also known as White Blood Cells (WBC)
• protect against disease
Neutrophils –
•first to arrive at infections.
•Elevated in bacterial infections.
Eosinophils –
•Moderate allergic reactions
•Defend against parasitic worm
infestations
4
Leukocytes (continued)
Basophils • release histamine
• release heparin (blood thinning
agent)
Monocytes –
Largest blood cell
Phagocytize (engulf and destroy)
bacteria, dead cells and other debris.
5
Leukocytes and Disease
Lymphocytes •slightly larger than RBC
• B cells produce antibodies
• T-Cells are attacked by the
HIV
6
Blood Composition
Platelets –
•also known as thrombocytes
• cell fragments that are essential
for blood clotting
7
Blood Plasma
• straw colored
• liquid portion of blood
• 55% of blood
• 92% water
8
Platelet Plug Formation
(Clotting)
9
Blood Coagulation
Coagulation
• hemostatic mechanism
• causes the formation of a blot clot via a series of
reactions which activates the next in a cascade
10
Antigens and Antibodies
Antigens – a chemical that stimulates cells to
produce antibodies
Antibodies – a protein that reacts against a
specific antigen
11
Antigens and Antibodies
12
ABO Blood Group
Based on the presence or absence of two major
antigens on red blood cell membranes
• antigen A
• antigen B
13
ABO Blood Group
14
Blood Types for Transfusion
15
Rh Blood Group
Rh positive – presence of antigen D or and other Rh
antigens on the red blood cell membranes
Rh negative – lack of these antigens
16
Rh Blood Group
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