Download Cell Structure Vocabulary

Cell Structure Vocabulary
1. Describe the cell membrane
The cell membrane is the outer
boundary of the cell.
2. Describe the cell’s cytoplasm
The interior of the cell from the
nuclear membrane to the cell
membrane is the cytoplasm.
3. Describe the ribosome’s function
Ribosomes are structures upon which
proteins are made.
4. Describe the prokaryotic cell
A prokaryotic cell lacks a nucleus and
internal compartments (organelles).
5. Describe flagella
Flagella are long threadlike structures
that enable movement.
Draw a prokaryotic cell with flagella
6. Describe one
difference
between a
prokaryotic cell
and a eukaryotic
cell
Eukaryotic cells
have a nucleus,
prokaryotic cells
do not.
7. Describe a cell organelle
A cell organelle is a cell structure that
carries out specific activities.
8. Describe a difference between
cilia and flagella
Cilia are short hairlike structures used
for movement.
Flagella are longer.
Flagella= whip
Cilia = eyelash
9. Describe human respiratory
cilia.
Cilia in the respiratory tract sweep
mucus and debris from the lungs.
10. Describe the
cytoskeleton
The
cytoskeleton
holds the cell
together and
keeps the
membranes
from collapsing.
Draw and label the phospholipid
bilayer of a cell membrane
hydrophilic
Phosphate
head
lipid tail
hydrophobic
lipid tail
hydrophilic
Phosphate
head
11. Describe the lipid bilayer
The lipid bilayer is a double layer of
hydrophilic phosphate head attached
to a two hydrophobic phosphate tails.
hydrophilic
hydrophobic
12. List and tell the function of
four types of cell membrane
proteins
1. cell-surface proteins- identifies cell
2. receptor protein- binds to
substances outside the cell
3. enzyme- assists chemical reactions
4. transport protein- helps substances
move across the cell membrane
13. Describe the cell nucleus
The cell nucleus
is an organelle,
surrounded by a
double layer,
that controls most cell
functions.
14. Describe the cell
endoplasmic reticulum
The e.r. is a system of internal
membranes that move substances
throughout the cell.
15. Describe the vesicle
A vesicle is a small membrane-bound
sac that transports substances
throughout the cell.
16. Describe the Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus are membranebound sacs that modify, package and
send products of the e.r.
17. Describe lysosomes
Lysosomes are vesicles that contain
digestive enzymes .
18. Describe mitochondria
Mitochondria harvest energy from
organic compounds to produce ATP.
19. Describe why mitochondria
need DNA
Mitochondria need DNA to make
some of their own proteins.
20. Describe the cell wall
The cell wall is composed of proteins
and carbohydrates. The c.w. supports
and maintains the cell’s shape.
21. Describe the chloroplasts
Chloroplasts use light energy to make
carbohydrates.
22. Describe the central
vacuole
The central vacuole stores water,
ions, nutrients, and wastes.
Draw a well-labeled diagram of
a plant cell.
Chromosomes
• Chromosomes carry all of the information used
to help a cell grow, thrive, and reproduce.
Chromosomes are made up of DNA. You will
find the chromosomes and genetic material in
the nucleus of a cell. In prokaryotic, DNA floats
in the cytoplasm in an area called the nucleoid.