Download cell organization

Inside the Cell
Protoplasm: the thick jellylike
substance that takes up most of the cell.
2 regions:
Within the nucleus (nucleoplasm)
Outside the nucleus (cytoplasm)
Cell Organization
Cells have specific parts that perform
specific functions. These parts are
called organelles.
Cells (and organisms) depend on each
organelle performing its specified
task correctly within the cell.
Cell Parts
1)Mitochondria: the “powerhouse”
of the cell. Responsible for cellular
respiration, the “burning” of sugar
for energy.
-surrounded by a double membrane,
with the inner membrane folding
extensively inside the mitochondria.
The extensive folding of the inner
membrane allows an increase in surface
area, which allows higher efficiency in
transforming energy for the cell.
The folds are called cristae.
The central cavity is filled with liquid,
called the matrix.
2) Chloroplasts: found ONLY in plant
cells, they are responsible for capturing
sunlight energy and transforming it into
sugar (photosynthesis).
-contains structures made of stacked
membranes, called grana. The grana
contain chlorophyll, a light trapping
pigment.
Chloroplasts within a plant cell
3) Nucleus: small spherical organelle
surrounded by a double membrane.
-responsible for containing the
genetic material (chromosomes).
-usually visible with a microscope,
especially if stained.
4) Endoplasmic Reticulum: network
of tube like structures within the cell.
-acts as a transport system within the
cell, especially for proteins.
-sometimes referred to as the “ER”,
It has two parts the smooth, and
rough ER. The smooth ER is
mostly responsible for phospholipid
production.
5) Ribosomes: Located on the rough
ER, they are responsible for protein
synthesis.
-very small, spherical organelles,
usually attached to the rough ER,
sometimes free floating in the
cytoplasm.
6) Golgi Bodies: sets of flattened,
slightly curved sacs.
-involved in storage and secretion of
cell products.
-Cells that perform a secretory
function have high numbers of golgi
bodies.
Ex: salivary cells, venom glands
7) Vacuoles: fluid filled areas,
surrounded by a membrane .
-generally used as storage for water,
food, and minerals.
-plant cells have vacuoles that are
much larger than in animal cells, and
usually hold water for the cell.
8) Lysosomes: small membrane
bound spheres, usually filled with
digestive enzymes needed to break
down food particles or molecules.
Digestive Enzymes
Microfilaments and Microtubules:
Parts of the “cytoskeleton”, or cells
skeleton. Give structure to cells, and
are also used in movement, both
inside and outside the cell.