Download Muscular System Study Guide

Muscular System Study Guide
DHO 6.5 and Human Body fig 7.6, table 7.1 p203
Properties of muscles
 Excitability
 Contractibility
 Extensibility
 Elasticity
Types of muscles
 Cardiac
o Involuntary, striated
o Forms the walls of the heart
o Contracts in order to circulate blood
 Smooth
o Involuntary, not striated
o Also called visceral muscle (viscera are internal organs)
o Found in hollow internal organs, such as organs of the digestive and respiratory
systems, also found in the urinary and reproductive system organs, also found in
blood vessels
o Contracts in order to cause movement in organs, and to move substances through
the body or out of the body
 Skeletal
o Voluntary, striated
o Attached to bones
o Causes body movement
Functions of skeletal muscles
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Other structures in the muscular system
 Tendons: strong tough connective tissue cords that attach muscles to bones
 Fascia: tough sheet-like membrane that covers and protects tissue
 Origin: the end of a muscle that is attached to bone that does not move
 Insertion: the end of a muscle that is attached to bone that moves when a muscle contracts
Movements
 Adduction
 Abduction
 Flexion
 Extension
 Rotation
 Circumduction
Important terms
 Muscle tone: the state of partial contraction normally present in muscles at all times.
Muscle tone helps maintain body posture, and keeps the muscles in a state of readiness to
act.
 Atrophy: the shrinking in size and loss of strength that occurs when muscles are not used
for a long period of time
 Contracture: a severe tightening of a flexor muscle resulting in a bending of a joint.
Muscle disuse and atrophy can result in contractures.
Muscle Diseases
 Fibromyalgia
 Muscular dystrophy
 Myasthenia gravis
 Muscle spasm
 Muscle strain
Know the location and function of the following muscles (there will be a word bank)
 Temporalis
 Masseter
 Sternocleidomastoid
 Trapezius
 Deltoid
 Biceps brachii
 Triceps brachii
 Pectoralis major
 Latissimus dorsi
 External oblique
 Rectus abdominus
 Intercostals: move the ribs for breathing
 Iliopsoas: attached to vertebrae, ilium, femur; flexes the thigh or trunk
 Sartorius
 Gluteus maximus
 Adductor group
 Hamstring group
 Quadriceps group
 Tibialis anterior
 Gastrocnemius