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Specialized Cells
HOGUE – UNIT 2 CELLS AND CELL STRUCTURE
1. Bone Cells (Osteocytes)
 Give
strength, support, and framework to the body by enclosing organs
in the skeletal system (bones).
Osteoclasts
– dissolve bone
Osteoblasts
– build bones
2. Cartilage Cells
(chrondocytes)
 Flexible
tissue located throughout the
body that provides cushion and
support for adjacent tissues.
Found
in ears, nose, and in-between
large bones that have motion
3. Nerve Cells (neurons)
 Electrically
excitable cell that processes
and transmits information through
electrical and chemical signals.
 Found
throughout the entire human body
(nervous system)
 The
brain has approx. 100 billion neurons
4. Epithelial Cell (skin)
 Simple
cells which form the covering
of other cells. Form covering layers of
all the organs and are preset in skin,
scalp, respiratory tract, and covers the
human body.
 Skin
is the LARGEST organ in the human
body
5. Muscle Cell (myocytes)

Rich in protein fibers that have the ability to relax
and contract providing mobility to the human
body.
 Three
types of muscle cells
1.
Skeletal Muscle – attached to bone;
movement
2.
3.
Cardiac Muscle – only in heart; heart beat
Smooth Muscle – flexible contract and
relax; intestines and blood vessels
6. Secretory Cell

Form glands and secrete important
substances in the body.
 Pancreatic cells – secrete insulin,
glucagon
 Salivary cells – secrete salivary
amylase
 Sebaceous cells – secrete oil on the
skin
7. Adipose Cells (fat)
 Storage
of fat in the body.
Reduces friction to the skeleton
by providing cushioning.
 Found
bums.
in palms, soles, and
8. Blood Cells (hematocyte)

Specialized body fluid with many different
functions:
 Transport
body
 Form
oxygen and nutrients through the
blood clots
 Carrying
infection
cells and antibodies fighting
 Bringing
waste products to locations for
filtrations
 Regulating
body temperature
9. Stem Cells
 Basic
or parent cells that can differentiate
into any cell based on the requirement.
 Stem
cells can become blood cells,
cardiac, muscle, bones, skin, brain, and all
other types of cells found in the body.
A
special characteristic of stems cells is
their ability to self-renew or multiply while
maintaining the potential to develop into
other types of cells.