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Cells
What are cells?
• All living organisms are made up of
cells
• Some cells are complete organisms,
such as the unicellular bacteria and
protozoa
• Other cells are specialized
components of multi-cellular
organisms (ex nerve, liver, and
muscle cells)
Characteristics of cells
1. Living things are composed of cells.
2. Living things reproduce, grow, and repair themselves.
3. Living things have a life span.
4. Living things respond to their environment.
5. Living things require energy.
6. Living things produce waste.
Cell Theory
•All living things are composed of cells.
•All cells come from pre-existing cells.
Cells have…
• A surrounding membrane
• Cells have a water-rich
substance called the cytoplasm
• DNA is found inside cells
Two types of cells
• Prokaryotes
• Eukaryotes
• Bacteria
• Plant and animal
cells
The difference between
Plant and Animal Cells
• Animal Cells
• Plant Cells
1. Plant cells have a
rigid cell wall
2. Large Vacuole
3. Chloroplasts that convert
light energy to chemical
energy
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
What are cell made of?
• Cells are composed primarily of
oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and
nitrogen, the elements that
make up the majority or organic
compounds
• Water makes up 60 to 65
percent of the cell
Plasma Membrane
Animal Cells
What it really looks like!
• The plasma
membrane is a
permeable or semipermeable
structure that
permits the
exchange of water
and molecules
between the inside
and the outside of
the cell
Cell Walls
• The presence of a
cell wall makes
these cells rigid
and sturdy, but it
poses special
problems for the
transport of
substances into
and out of the cell
Cytoplasm
• The cytoplasm
is the warm-rich
matrix within a
cell that
contains and
surrounds the
other cellular
contents
Nucleus of a cell
• A nucleus is an organelle within the
cytoplasm of a cell.
• DNA is organized inside the nucleus
into structural units called
chromosomes.
• The DNA in each chromosome is a
single, very long, highly coiled
molecule subdivided into functional
subunits called genes.
Vacuoles
• Balloon-like
space
• Storage for
surplus food,
wastes and
other
substances
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Folded
Membrane that
make up canals
• Canals transport
materials to
different parts of
the cell.
Mitochondria
• Oval-shaped
organelles
• Where food is
broken down to
make energy
Chloroplasts (Plant Cells
only)
• Where
photosynthesis
takes place.
• Photosynthesis
uses energy
from the sun to
make
carbohydrates.