* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Slide ()
Molecular neuroscience wikipedia , lookup
Neural coding wikipedia , lookup
Mirror neuron wikipedia , lookup
Neural oscillation wikipedia , lookup
Neuropsychopharmacology wikipedia , lookup
Proprioception wikipedia , lookup
Stimulus (physiology) wikipedia , lookup
Embodied language processing wikipedia , lookup
Neuroanatomy wikipedia , lookup
Feature detection (nervous system) wikipedia , lookup
End-plate potential wikipedia , lookup
Caridoid escape reaction wikipedia , lookup
Optogenetics wikipedia , lookup
Synaptic gating wikipedia , lookup
Nervous system network models wikipedia , lookup
Pre-Bötzinger complex wikipedia , lookup
Development of the nervous system wikipedia , lookup
Electromyography wikipedia , lookup
Channelrhodopsin wikipedia , lookup
Microneurography wikipedia , lookup
Muscle memory wikipedia , lookup
Premovement neuronal activity wikipedia , lookup
Central pattern generator wikipedia , lookup
The pattern of motor neuron activity can change the biochemical and functional properties of skeletal muscle cells. A. Muscle fibers have characteristic metabolic, molecular, and electrical properties that identify them as "slow" (tonic) or "fast" (phasic) types. The micrograph on the right shows a section of muscle tissue with histochemical staining for myosin ATPase. The middle sketch shows a section through the muscle, in which motor neurons (green and brown) form synapses on a single type of muscle fiber. (Photo reproduced, with permission, from Arthur P. Hays.) B. Motor neurons that connect with fast and slow muscle fibers (fast and slow motor neurons) exhibit distinct patterns of electrical activity: steady low frequency (tonic) for slow and intermittent high-frequency bursts (phasic)offorNeural fast. Science, Fifth Editon Source: Formation and Elimination of Synapses, Principles C. Cross-innervation experiments showed JH, thatJessell some TM, property of the motor neuron helps to determine whether muscle fibersFifth are Editon; fast or slow. CrossCitation: Kandel ER, Schwartz Siegelbaum SA, Hudspeth AJ, Mack S. Principles of Neural Science, 2012 Available innervation was achieved by surgically rerouting fast axons to slow muscle and vice versa. Although the properties of the motor neurons are little changed, at: http://mhmedical.com/ Accessed: May 10, 2017 the properties of the muscle profoundly. For example, motor neurons induce fast properties in the slow muscle. (Adapted, with permission, Copyright © 2017change McGraw-Hill Education. All rightsfast reserved from Salmons and Sreter 1976.)