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Notes Chapter 16 – The Circulatory System The cardiovascular system carries needed substances to cells and carries waste products away from cells. Blood also contains cells that fight disease. The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood through blood vessels of the cardiovascular system. The heart is about the size of your fist. It works over and over again without getting tired like other muscles do. The right and left side of the heart is separated by a tissue called the septum. The heart has 4 chambers, 2 upper and 2 lower. Chambers of the heart >Right atrium- blood enters the heart here >Left atrium >Right ventricle >Left ventricle Blood moves through valves between the atria and the ventricles. The valves make sure that blood only flows in one direction. Blood flows in a 2 loop system. In the first loop, blood travels from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart. In the second loop, blood is pumped from the heart throughout the body and then returns again to the heart. Blood entering the right atrium has little oxygen and a lot of carbon dioxide. It is dark red in color. This blood travels into the right ventricle and then goes to the lungs by way of the pulmonary artery. The blood travels to the lungs where it receives oxygen and becomes bright red in color. The blood travels back to the heart by way of the pulmonary vein and enters the left atrium. It passes to the left ventricle and then to the largest artery, the AORTA. The blood is rich in oxygen and goes to all parts of the body. Then the cycle begins again! Blood Vessels Artery-carries blood AWAY from the heart Veins- carry blood to the heart Capillaries- small vessels where materials are exchanged between blood and body’s cells Your pulse measures your heartbeat. The average pulse is 7080 beats per minute at rest. The coronary artery carries blood to the heart and is located on the outside of the heart. Blood pressure is measured with a machine called a sphygmomanometer. This is the cuff that the doctor places on your arm and pumps up with air. Parts of the blood Red blood cells-made mostly of hemoglobin, an iron containing protein White blood cells- fight infections Platelets- helps the blood to clot Plasma- the liquid part of blood There are 4 blood types A, B, AB, and O Diseases of the Heart Heart Attack- the muscle is damaged, blood flow is blocked Hypertension- high blood pressure Atherosclerosis- is a hardening of the arteries wall, usually due to cholesterol, a wax-like substance that clogs the arteries. BE SURE YOU KNOW THE DIAGRAMS ON PAGES 536 AND 546 IN YOUR TEXT BOOK