Download CELL PART DESCRIPTION/LOCATION FUNCTION 1. Cell

CELL PART
DESCRIPTION/LOCATION
FUNCTION
1. Cell Membrane
External boundary of the cell.
1) Serves as external cell barrier;
2) Regulates entry and exit of
materials
2. Lysosomes
Sacs in cytoplasm
Contains enzymes to digest cell
wastes (are the “clean-up crew”)
3. Mitochondria
Rod-like structures in
cytoplasm
Site of ATP synthesis! Is
powerhouse of cell
4. Microvilli
Projections of plasma
membrane
Increase surface area of the cell
5. Golgi Apparatus
A stack of smooth membrane
sacs close to nucleus
6. Centrioles
Two rod-shaped bodies near
the nucleus
Packages & modifies proteins to
send to other organelles and
outside the cell
Forms the spindle for mitosis (cell
division)
7. Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum (SER)
Sacs and tubules in cytoplasm
(without ribosomes)
Produces lipids & steroids and
performs drug detoxification
8. Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum (RER)
Sacs and tubules in cytoplasm;
have ribosomes attached to
them
Proteins are modified and sent to
Golgi apparatus. Also
synthesizes phospholipids and
cholesterol
9. Ribosomes
Tiny particles composed of
RNA and protein attached to
RER and also scattered in
cytoplasm
Synthesizes (makes) proteins
10. Cilia
Short cell surface projections;
looks like tiny hairs
Move in unison, so propels
materials across cell surface in
one direction
11. Microtubules
Cylindrical structures extending
across cell interior
Support cell and give it shape
(cytoskeleton). Involved in cell
movement
12. Perioxisomes
Sacs of enzymes, especially
catalase
Mainly breaks down hydrogen
peroxide.
13. Microfilaments
Tiny rods running through cell
interior
Helps in muscle contraction,
moves the cell or cell parts
Transcription
In the nucleus
Process that makes RNA from
DNA
Translation
In the cytoplasm, at the
ribosome
Process that makes protein from
RNA
Replication
In the nucleus
The process of copying DNA
during the S phase of the cell
cycle
Triplet
In the nucleus
The 3 nucleotide base of DNA
Codon
In the nucleus/cytoplasm
The 3 nucleotide base of mRNA
Anticodon
Nuclear Structure
Nucleus
In the cytoplasm
General Location &
Appearance
Located in cytoplasm; is
usually round or ovalshaped; surrounded by
nuclear membrane
The 3 nucleotide base of tRNA.
Function
Control center for cell; DNA here
contains the code to determine what
proteins will be made. This
determines what the cell will look like
and do.
Nucleolus
Inside nucleus, usually
round.
Made of rRNA and proteins. Makes
ribosomes.
Chromatin
Is located in the nucleus
and is made of DNA and
proteins.
Directs cell’s activities by
1) Passing on information when the
cell divides, & 2) directing production
of proteins (see “nucleus” section).
Nuclear membrane
(envelope)
Double membrane
structure with pores.
Surrounds nucleus.
Wraps around nucleus, containing the
nucleoplasm; regulates passage of
materials to and from cytoplasm.