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JOINTS STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION JOINTS • Joint = Site where any two bones bones meet • Some joints don’t move (Immovable) • Fibrous Joints • Cartilaginous Joints • Most joints provide movement (Movable) • Synovial Joints JOINT TYPES – IMMOVABLE • Fibrous Joints • Skull • Tibia/fibula • Cartilaginous Joints Fibrous • Ribs/sternum • Intervertebral discs Cartilaginous JOINT TYPES - MOVEABLE • Synovial Joints • Most joints in body • Move freely because of lubricating secretion (synovial fluid) • Each sub-type has specific movement • Structure Includes: • Articular cartilage • Ligaments • Joint capsule lined with synovial membrane • Synovial fluid JOINT TYPES – MOVEABLE/SYNOVIAL • Each type has a specific movement • • • • • • Ball and Socket* Hinge* Condylar Plane Pivot Saddle *we will look closely at these two types JOINTS – MACROSCOPIC STRUCTURE Knee = Hinge Joint JOINTS– MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE + TISSUES Macroscopic Joint Structure Tissue Type Bone Compact Spongy Articular Cartilage (end of bone) Hyaline Cartilage Meniscus Cartilage (between bones) Fibrocartilage Ligament(bone to bone) Dense (regular) connective Tendon (bone to muscle) Dense (regular) connective JOINTS – MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE + TISSUES Joints are primarily composed of connective tissue Connective Tissue Fluid Non- Fibrous Adipose Bone Compact Spongy Hyaline Cartilage Elastic Fibrous Blood Fibro Dense Regular Loose Irregular JOINT STRUCTURE – CARTILAGE • Cartilage – 3 types • Hyaline cartilage • Fibrocartilage • Elastic cartilage • Functions • • • • Smooth movement Absorbs force Flexibility Support JOINT STRUCTURE - MENISCUS Fibrocartilage Structure • Cells and matrix similar to hyaline cartilage • Addition of collagen fibers to matrix • Found in menisci and vertebral discs Fibrocartilage Function • Strength to provides support and flexibility to absorb force • Fibrous matrix provides strength • Cartilage matrix provides flexibility JOINT STRUCTURE - LIGAMENTS Structure • Dense regular connective tissue (same as tendons) • Fibers oriented in same direction for strength Function • Connects bone to bone • Provides stability and proper movement • Prevents instability and improper movement Dense regular connective JOINT STRUCTURE - TENDONS Structure • Dense regular connective tissue (same as ligaments) • Fibers oriented in same direction for strength Function • Connects bone to muscle • Pulls on bone when muscle contracts • Produces movement Dense regular connective
