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HIGHER TIER PAST
PAPER QUESTIONS
1
PAPER 1 – RESTLESS EARTH
Describe one way a region affected by earthquakes can prepare for this hazard (2)
Using an example(s), describe the effects of earthquakes on people and property (6)
Suggest one reason why the number of deaths vary between earthquakes (2)
For either an earthquake or a volcanic eruption you have studied, describe the immediate responses in
managing its impact (4)
Describe one way in which a region affected by volcanic eruptions can prepare for this hazard (2)
Describe one action that can be taken to reduce the impact of earthquakes (2)
Explain how volcanoes are formed on either constructive or destructive plate boundaries (4)
For a named earthquake or volcanic eruption, describe its economic impacts. (4)
Describe one method that can be used to predict when a volcano is likely to erupt.(2)
Describe how people can prepare for earthquakes.(4)
Name one landform often found on destructive plate boundaries.(1)
Describe one action that can be taken to reduce the impact of future earthquakes. (2)
Explain why some earthquakes are more hazardous than others.(4)
Describe the differences between continental and oceanic crust.(4)
For a named volcanic event, compare the primary and secondary impacts.(6)
Examine why the characteristics of volcanoes vary.(6)
Describe how convection currents cause plate movements. You may draw a diagram with your answer (4)
Explain how hazard resistant design can reduce the impacts of earthquakes in the developing world (6)
Describe the layered structure of the Earth’s interior (4)
Compare the primary impacts of earthquakes in two named locations (6)
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PAPER 1 – CLIMATE AND CHANGE
Describe one natural cause of climate change (2)
(c) Explain the possible economic impacts of climate change on a named country (6)
Describe how colder periods, such as the Little Ice Age, affected farming (2)
Describe how one human activity can contribute to climate change (2)
For a named developing country, explain why climate change is likely to have a large impact on people (6)
For a named country, suggest one possible impact of higher global temperatures (2)
Describe how climate change in the past, such as the Little Ice Age, affected people and ecosystems (4)
Describe one possible economic impact of future climate change in the UK (2)
Explain how an increase in greenhouse gases can result in climate change (6)
Suggest two reasons why carbon dioxide emissions are higher in Greater Manchester than in Cumbria.(2)
Describe one way in which human activity is contributing to climate change.(2)
Describe how orbital changes and varying solar output can lead to climate change.(4)
Describe one possible economic impact of climate change in a named developing country.(2)
In the past, climate change has led to the disappearance of many animal and plant species.
Outline why periods of climate change in the past have led to these extinctions. (3)
For a named developing country, explain how climate change might affect its economy. (6)
Explain how the future climate of the UK is likely to be affected by global climate change. (6)
Explain why the UK’s climate might change in the future (4)
Explain why the impact of climate change is likely to be more severe on developing countries than in the
UK (6)
Describe the pattern of temperature and rainfall in the UK (4)
Explain the possible environmental impacts of future climate change in the UK (6)
3
PAPER 1 - BATTLE FOR THE BIOSPHERE
Describe one way of conserving threatened environments (2)
Using examples, describe how the biosphere provides people with a range of goods and services (4)
Describe one way in which people are trying to conserve the biosphere (2)
Describe the value of a named biome in providing goods and services (4)
Describe one management measure that can be used to conserve the biosphere (2)
Explain how temperature and precipitation affect the distribution of global biomes (4)
The biosphere acts as a life support system for the planet. Describe one way in which it does this. (2)
Describe how local factors can affect biomes (4)
For a named biome, describe one way it has been damaged by human activity.(2)
Describe the management methods that can be used to conserve the biosphere.(6)
The atmosphere is a mixture of different gases. Describe how the biosphere affects this mixture of gases.
(4)
Describe the biosphere’s role in:
1. maintaining soil health
2. regulating the composition of the atmosphere.
(4)
Explain the role of human activity in the destruction of tropical rainforest. (6)
Using examples, explain how management measures can help to conserve the biosphere. (6)
Describe two ways the biosphere can be conserved (4)
Explain how altitude and soils can affect biome distribution (6)
Explain how human activity is causing the destruction of tropical rainforests (4)
Explain how the biosphere influences the hydrological cycle (6)
4
PAPER 1 - WATER WORLD
Suggest two benefits of large scale water management projects (2)
Using an example(s), explain why small scale solutions to managing water supplies are often sustainable (6)
Describe how one human activity can result in a decline in water quality (2)
Describe the costs and benefits of a named large-scale water management project (6)
For a named water management project, describe ways it has benefited local people (2)
Explain how water is transferred from the land to the atmosphere in the hydrological cycle. (4)
Outline the process of precipitation (2)
For a named vulnerable area, describe one problem caused by an unreliable or insufficient water supply
(2)
Using examples, describe how human interference can disrupt water supply (4)
Outline why an unreliable water supply can cause problems for farmers. (2)
Describe one human activity that can lead to a reduction in water quality. (2)
Describe one problem caused by a named large-scale water management project. (2)
Many areas of the world are experiencing increased aridity. Explain why this is happening.(4)
Describe one benefit caused by a named large-scale water management project.(2)
Describe two ways in which human activities can affect water quality.(4)
Examine how intermediate technology can contribute to the management of water resources in the
developing world.(6)
2015: Outline one way agriculture causes river pollution (2)
2015: Small-scale water management schemes often use intermediate technology. Using a named
example, describe two benefits of using intermediate technology (4)
2015: For a named vulnerable area, explain the impact on people of an insufficient and
unreliable water supply (6)
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PAPER 1 - COASTAL CHANGE AND CONFLICT
Name and describe one process of coastal erosion (2)
*Explain how a spit is formed. You may draw a diagram(s) to help your answer (8)
Spurn Head is a spit formed by longshore drift. Describe the process of longshore drift. You may use a
diagram to help your answer (3)
*For a named location, explain the costs and benefits of using hard engineering techniques to protect a
coastline from erosion (8)
*Explain how physical processes can cause coastal retreat (8)
For a named area of coast, explain how coastal retreat is being managed (8)
Using examples, explain the benefits of using modern holistic (wide ranging) approaches to coastal
management.(8)
Describe how groynes affect longshore drift. You may use a diagram to help your answer. (3)
Describe the differences between the features of hard and soft rock coastlines. (8)
Explain how longshore drift can lead to the formation of a coastal landform, such as a spit. You may draw a
diagram to help your answer.(8)
2015: For a named coastline, examine the costs and benefits of using hard engineering to manage this
coastline (8)
6
PAPER 1 - OCEANS ON THE EDGE
Using examples, explain how global actions are attempting to create sustainable marine ecosystems (8)
Define the term overfishing (2)
*Explain how climate change is adding stress to marine ecosystems (8)
The number of marine dead zones has increased rapidly in the last 10 years. Suggest reasons for the
changes in the number of marine dead zones (3)
*Using one or more examples, explain why local groups often have conflicting views about the
management of marine ecosystems (8)
Identify a global action taken to help maintain ocean health.(1)
For a named marine ecosystem, explain why people may disagree about its management. (8)
Explain the importance of global actions in improving the health of oceans.(8)
Using both local and global (international) examples, explain how marine ecosystems can be managed
sustainably.(8)
2015: Define the term food web (2)
2015: Examine how human activities have affected the global distribution of either coral reefs or mangrove
swamps (8)
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PAPER 2 - POPULATION DYNAMICS
Explain why governments may wish to control the number of migrants entering their country. (2)
Describe the tensions that can arise from different migration policies. (4)
Outline one reason why some governments want to control population size.(2)
Describe the methods governments can use to control population size.(4)
Explain one reason why some countries have a high birth rate.(2)
Explain why the future growth rate of the world’s population is hard to predict.(4)
Explain why a youthful population may be a disadvantage for a country.(2)
Explain why migration policies vary from country to country.(4)
Describe how skills tests are used to limit the numbers of migrants allowed into a country.(3)
Explain why global population growth rates are slowing down.(3)
Outline one reason why, in some countries, parents want large families.(2)
Explain two differences between the population structures of very poor developing countries and rich
developed countries. You may draw a diagram to help your answer.(4)
Using named examples, explain why predicting the future population size of countries is difficult. (6)
Using named examples, explain the methods used to control the population (6)
SS1: Using named examples, explain why some countries choose to increase immigration but others
choose to reduce it. (6)
SS2: Using named examples, explain why predicting the future population size of countries is difficult (6)
2014: Explain why it is difficult to predict future global population trends (6)
2015: Explain the differences in population pyramids for countries at different levels of development. You
may include a diagram in your answer (6)
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PAPER 2 - CONSUMING RESOURCES
Describe Malthus’s theory about population growth and resources.(2)
Explain why Boserup suggests that population growth might be a good thing.(4)
Outline why the demand for one named resource is increasing. (2)
Describe how technology might solve the problem of resource shortages.(4)
Outline one possible global result of ‘food required’ exceeding ‘food produced’.(2)
For a named resource, describe the inequalities in its consumption.(4)
Explain why using renewable resources is more sustainable than using non-renewable resources.(2)
Explain two ways in which technology might ‘fix’ problems of declining resources.(4)
Describe one way in which the use of an alternative or renewable resource helps sustainability. (2)
Explain one possible benefit of a rapidly growing population.(2)
Describe how developing renewable resources might help achieve sustainability.(3)
Outline one way that population growth might lead to solutions for resource shortages.(2)
In the future it is likely that there will be more pressure on energy supplies. Explain the pressure that could
result from:
A) Global economic growth:
(4)
B) Changing international relations:
SS1: Explain how national and local government policies can help to reduce resource consumption (6)
SS2: Explain the differences in the theories of Malthus and Boserup about the relationship between
population and resources. (6)
2014: Explain how the development of renewable resources and new technologies might resolve resource
shortages (6)
2015: Explain how national and local governments attempt to manage resource consumption (6)
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PAPER 2 - GLOBALISATION
Outline two environmental effects of economic changes in developed countries, such as deindustrialisation.(2)
Define ‘Transnational Corporation’ (1)
Outline two reasons why transnational corporations such as McDonalds may wish to change their products
in certain countries.(2)
Explain how the growth of secondary sector employment in developing countries can bring both benefits
and problems. (4)
For a named TNC in the tertiary sector, describe it’s global operations (4)
Explain how mergers and state-led investment has led to a growth in trade (4)
Explain why international trade has grown rapidly in the last 50 years. (6)
Explain how the growth of a named TNC has increased worldwide trade (4)
Suggest reasons why:
(4)
a) Toyota’s research and development sites are mostly in developed countries.
b) Toyota locates some factories in developing countries.
.
SS1: Examine the positive and negative impacts of globalisation on different groups of people. (6)
SS2: Explain why international trade has grown rapidly in the last 50 years.
2014: Examine the role of global institutions in creating a more globalised economy (6)
2015: Explain why there has been growth in international trade over the past 50 years (6)
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PAPER 2 - DEVELOPMENT DILEMMAS
Describe two indicators which can be used to show a country’s level of development (4)
Suggest one reason why broadband internet connection is so important in rural areas.(1)
Identify one characteristic of top-down development projects.(1)
Describe the impact of top-down development projects on two different groups of people. (2)
Other than income, identify one way of measuring differences in economic development.(1)
For a named developing country, explain the differences between the urban cores and the rural
periphery.(6)
Explain why ‘bottom-up’ development projects have both advantages and disadvantages.(3)
Using examples, explain what is meant by the global development gap .(6)
Using examples from one country in sub-Saharan Africa, describe the barriers that prevent its progress.(6)
Explain why top-down development projects can have both negative and positive impacts.(4)
Explain how Rostow’s modernisation theory helps us to understand how countries develop. (4)
SS1: Using a named example, examine the impact of a top-down development project on different groups
of people. (6)
SS2: Examine why levels of development vary between rural and urban areas in the developing world. (6)
2014: Explain why levels of development vary within a country (6)
2015: Compare the characteristics of top-down and bottom-up development strategies (6)
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PAPER 2 - CHANGING UK ECONOMY QUESTIONS
For a named brownfield site, describe how the plans for its development will make it more sustainable.(2)
Named brownfield site: …………………………………………………
Describe two impacts of deindustrialisation.(4)
Describe the negative impacts of de-industrialisation on the environment.(3)
Explain one difference between the employment structures of an industrialising and a de-industrialising
country.(3)
Give two examples of jobs in the ‘green economy’ (2)
1. .............................................................................
2. .............................................................................
For a named UK region, explain the impacts of changing employment trends (8)
Using examples, explain the impacts of changing working practices on different groups of people (8)
SS1: Using named examples, examine the costs and benefits of developing both brownfield and greenfield
sites. (8)
SS2: For two contrasting UK regions, examine the reasons for the differences in their industrial structure.
(8)
2014: For a named urban area, examine the environmental impacts of de-industrialisation and economic
diversification (8)
2015: For a named urban area, examine the positive and negative environmental impacts of deindustrialisation (8)
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PAPER 2 - CHALLENGES OF AN URBAN WORLD
Street sellers are part of the informal urban economy. Define the term informal urban economy.(2)
Explain why rapidly growing cities often have a large informal economy. (4)
Outline two reasons why cities are become increasingly populated (4)
Describe two differences between the formal and informal economy. (4)
Define the term eco-footprint.(2)
Explain why the eco-footprints of the cities in the developed world are so large.(8)
Outline one way in which transport can have a negative effect on the urban environment. (2)
For a named city, explain how it can reduce its energy consumption.(8)
Named city: ………………………………….
SS1: Using named examples, compare the challenges facing cities in the developed and developing worlds.
(8)
SS2: For a named city in the developed world, examine the success of attempts to develop more
sustainable transport. (8)
2014: Contrast the economic activities of megacities in the developed and developing worlds (8)
2015: Examine the success of strategies used to improve the quality of life in cities in the developing world
(8)
gies of used to improve the quality of life in cities in the developing world (8)
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