Download Dynamic Planet Exam Questions Tectonic Activity: Possible exam

Dynamic Planet Exam Questions
Tectonic Activity: Possible exam questions
How and why do the Earth’s tectonic plates move?
Structure of the Earth
 State 2 differences between oceanic and continental crust. (4)
 Describe how convection currents cause plate movements (4)
 What drives convection currents? (2)
Plate Margins
 Describe the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes. (2)
 Describe the characteristics of a constructive plate boundary. (4)
 Describe the characteristics of a destructive plate boundary(4)
 Describe the characteristics of a conservative plate boundary. (4)
 Explain how volcanoes are formed at either a constructive or destructive plate boundary. (6)
 Name one landform often found on a destructive plate boundary. (2)
 Explain why earthquakes occur at a constructive/destructive or conservative plate boundary. (4)
 Describe what plates are. Name 3 plates. (3)
 Explain why earthquakes would occur at destructive plate boundaries? (4)
 Outline the main factors that may control the strength and size of a tsunamis. (4)
 Describe 3 differences between a shield and composite volcano. (4)
 Name 2 types and magma and describe 3 differences between them. (4)
 How does type of magma influence the type of volcano in an area? (4)
What are the effects and management issues resulting from tectonic hazards?
Effects of hazards
 Describe one way a region affected by earthquakes can prepare for this hazard (2)
 State 2 ways in which a volcanic eruption may endanger human life (4)
 Describe 2 differences between deep and shallow focus earthquakes. (2)
 What is meant by the ‘magnitude’ of an earthquake? (2)
 How is the magnitude of an earthquake measured? (4)
 For one named earthquake describe the primary and secondary impacts.(6)
 For one named example of an earthquake describe the impacts on property and people. (6)
 Using named examples explain why the impact of earthquakes may vary. (6)
 Explain why some earthquakes are more hazardous than others. (6)
 Describe the primary and secondary impacts of one volcanic event. (6)
 For a named earthquake or volcanic eruption describe its economic impacts. (6)
 For a named earthquake or volcanic eruption describe its social impacts. (6)
Management of hazards
 Describe how volcanic hazards can be managed. (6)
 Describe on way in which a region affected by volcanic eruptions can prepare for this hazard. (6)
 Describe one method that can be used to predict when a volcano is likely to erupt. (6)
 Describe how earthquake hazards can be managed. (6)
 Describe one way a region affected by earthquakes can prepare for this hazard. (2)
 Describe how hazards are managed differently in contrasting areas of the world. (6)
 Describe the differences between hazard resistant design in the developed and developing world. (6)
 Using examples describe the difference between short-term relief and long-term planning? (6)
 Evaluate the role of immediate responses and relief efforts to a named tectonic hazard event. (6)
 For one named tectonic event describe the immediate responses in managing its impact. (6)
 Suggest reasons why the impact of a tectonic event may vary depending on where it is. (6)
Climate and Change: Summary exam questions
How and why has climate changed in the past?
Natural causes of climate change
 Describe one natural cause of climate change (2)
 Describe how orbital changes and varying solar output can lead to climate change (4)
 Explain how natural events can cause climate change. (4)
 Describe what is meant by the term Ice Age (2)
Natural causes of climate change: impact on people and the environment
 Describe how colder periods such as the Little Ice Age, affected farming. (2)
 Describe how climate change in the past, such as the Little Ice Age, affected people and the
ecosystems (6)
 Using an example of past climate change, describe its impacts (4)
 In the past, climate change has led to the disappearance of many animal and plant species. Outline
why periods of climate change in the past have led to these extinctions. (4)
 Outline 2 impacts of past climate change on the UK. (4)
What challenges might our future climate present us with?
Changing climate of the UK and the enhanced greenhouse effect
 Explain why the UK’s climate might change in the future? (4)
 How do air masses and ocean currents affect the UK’s climate? (4)
 Explain how the future climate of the UK is likely to be affected by global climate change.(6)
 State 2 challenges for people in the UK that could result from an average temperature rise of 2°C
(4)
 Describe how one human activity can contribute to climate change. (2)
 Explain how an increase in greenhouse gases can result in climate change (6)
 Describe one human activity that is contributing to climate change (2)
 Explain how human activity is leading to climate change. (4)
 State 2 of the main greenhouse gases associated with human activity (2)
 Describe one human activity that is contributing to climate change (2)
 Name 2 types of human activity that are thought to contribute to the enhanced greenhouse effect.
(4)
Uncertainty of future climate
 Why is it difficult to predict how climate will change in the future? (6)
Economic and Environmental Challenges in the UK and developing world
 For a named country, suggest one possible impact of higher global temperatures. (2)
 Explain the possible economic impacts of climate change on a named country (6)
 For a named developing country explain why climate change is likely to have a large impact on its
people (6)
 For a named developing country, explain how climate change might affect its economy. (6)
 Describe one possible economic impact of future climate change in the UK (2)
 Describe one challenge the UK is likely to face as a result of climate change (2)
 Explain the impact of future climate change is likely to be more severe in developing countries than
the UK. (6)
 Describe one positive and one negative economic impact of climate change in the UK (4)
 Explain a range of possible environmental challenges as a result of future climate change in the UK
(6)
Battle for the Biosphere : Summary Exam Questions
What is the value of the biosphere?
Distribution of global biomes
 Define the term ecosystem (2)
 Describe how 2 local factors can affect biomes and ecosystems (4)
 Explain how temperature and precipitation affect the distribution of global biomes (4)
 Describe how local factors affect biomes (4)
 Explain how climate controls the distribution of biomes such as tropical rainforests (4)
Biosphere life support system and range of goods and services
 Describe two ways the biosphere acts as a life support system (4)
 The atmosphere is a mixture of different gases. Describe how the biosphere affects this mixture of
gases (4)
 Describe the biosphere’s role in maintaining soil health and regulating the composition of the
atmosphere (6)
 Using examples, describe how the biosphere provides people with a range of goods and services (4)
 Describe the value of the biosphere in providing goods and services (4)
 Using examples explain why the biosphere is important to people (6)
 Describe one function of a tropical rainforest in regulating the atmosphere (2)
How have humans affected the biosphere and how might it be conserved?
Biosphere is being degraded by human action
 For a named biome, describe one way it has been damaged by human activity (2)
 Explain the role of humans in the destruction of the tropical rainforest. (6)
 Using examples explain how people are causing direct damage to a biosphere of ecosystem (6)
 Using examples explain how humans are indirectly damaging the biosphere. (4)
 Explain the impact of climate change on the tropical rainforest (4)
 Explain how climate change can lead to degradation of the biosphere. (4)
Management Measures
 Describe one way of conserving threatened environments (2)
 Describe one way in which people are trying to conserve the biosphere. (2)
 Describe one management measure that could be used to conserve the biosphere (2)
 Describe management methods that can be used to conserve the biosphere (4)
 Describe one way of conserving threaten environments (4)
 Describe one local approach in managing biomes. (2)
 Describe why it is important to have both local and global scale approaches in managing the
biosphere. (6)
 Using examples describe some of the tensions between the economy and the environment when
managing a biosphere. (6)
 Using an example describe how some people or groups are conserving the biosphere at a global
scale (6)
 Using examples explain some of the challenges and tensions in producing sustainable management
outcomes for the biosphere. (6)
Water World – Possible exam questions
Hydrological Cycle
 Explain how water is transferred from the land to the atmosphere in the hydrological cycle. (4)
 Outline the process of precipitation. (2)
 Describe the routes water may take once it has reached the ground to reach the sea.
 Where may water be stored in the hydrological cycle?
 How does the biosphere regulate the hydrological cycle? (3)
 How does the lithosphere regulate the hydrological cycle? (3)
Impact of climate change on the hydrological cycle
 Many areas of the world are experiencing increased aridity. Explain why this is happening. (4)
 Explain the likely impact of climate change on the hydrological cycle. (4)
 How is climate change affecting groundwater levels? (2)
Impact of unreliable and insufficient water supply on humans from a vulnerable region
 Describe one impact of water shortages on people. (2)
 Outline the impact of unreliable water supply on people.(4)
 For a named vulnerable area, describe one problem caused by an unreliable or insufficient water supply
(2)
 Outline why an unreliable water supply can cause problems for farmers (2)
 Using examples describe the impact of an unreliable water supply on people (6)
Consequences of human activity on water quality
 Describe how two human activities can result in a decline in water quality (4)
 Describe how one human activity can result in a decline in water quality. (2)
 Describe one human activity that can lead to a reduction in water quality. (2)
 Describe two ways in which human activities can affect water quality.
 Explain how intensive agriculture can affect water quality (2)
 Explain how industrial pollution can affect water quality (2)
 Explain how sewage disposal may affect water quality (2)
Examples of how human activity can disrupt water supply
 Using examples describe how human interference can disrupt water supply (6)
 Using examples, describe how human activity can reduce water supplies. (4)
 Describe how deforestation may disrupt water supplies (4)
 Describe how reservoir construction may affect water supplies. (4)
Consider the costs and benefits of large scale water management in the developed and developing world.
 Suggest two benefits of a large scale water management project such as the Tarela Dam? (2)
 Describe the costs and benefits of a named large-scale water management project. (4)
 For a named large-scale water management project describe one cost and one benefit. (4)
Small scale intermediate technology solutions
 Using an example, explain why small scale solutions to managing water supplies are often
sustainable.(4)
 For a named water management project, describe ways it has benefited local people. (2)
 Why are small-scale projects usually considered to be sustainable?
 Examine how intermediate technology can contribute to the management of water resources in the
developing world.
Coastal Change and Conflict: Summary exam questions
How are different coastlines produced by physical processes?
Geological structure and rock type
 Describe the differences between the features of hard and soft rock coastlines (6)
 Using named examples explain the main differences between soft rock and hard rock coasts. (8)
 Examine the differences between concordant and discordant coasts. (8)
 Explain the difference between discordant and concordant coast (4)
 Using examples explain why coasts retreat at different rates (8)
Marine processes, sub-aerial processes, mass movement and climate change.
 Describe how wave action can erode coastal cliffs (3)
 Name and describe one processes of coastal erosion (2)
 Describe 2 ways that waves can erode the coast (4)
 Explain why some waves erode more than others.(2)
 Examine the importance of destructive waves in the formation of coastal landforms. (8)
 For a named coastline, explain how different waves types can lead to the development of a variety of
coastal landforms (8)
 Explain what is meant by the term ‘sub-aerial’ processes (2)
 Explain how physical processes can cause coastal retreat (6)
 Describe how cliffs collapse (3)
 Describe the process of longshore drift (3)
 Describe how groynes affect longshore drift (3)
 Explain how a spit is formed (6)
 Explain how a wave-cut platform is formed. (4)
 Explain how a bar is formed (4)
 Explain how a stack is formed (4)
 Explain how climate change may affect coasts in the future (4)
 Outline one possible impact of climate change on coastal areas (2)
 Explain the possible impact of climate change on marine erosion and deposition (8)
Why does conflict occur on the coast and how can this be managed?
Physical processes leads to coastal change and retreat = conflicting views.
 For a named location describe why an area of coastline is experiencing rapid coastal retreat (8)
 Using named examples describe why some areas of the coast retreat more rapidly than others. (8)
 Describe factors that may influence the rate of coastal retreat (8)
 For a named coastline, examine why there are conflicting views about how coastal erosion should be
managed. (8)
 For a named coastline, explain the problems caused by coastal retreat (8)
 Outline one economic consequence of coastal erosion (2)
Coastal management options
 For a named location, explain the costs and benefits of using hard engineering techniques to protect the
coastline from erosion (6)
 For a named area of coast, explain how coastal retreat is being managed (6)
 Using examples, explain the benefits of using modern holistic (wide ranging) approaches to coastal
management (6)
 Outline how rip rap protects the coast from erosion (3)
 Outline one benefit of using a sea wall to protect the coastline (2)
 For a named coastal location, describe the use of sustainable and Integrated Coastal Zone Management
techniques that have been used to protect the coastline (8)
Extreme Climates: Summary exam Questions.
What are the challenges of extreme climates?
Characteristics and fragile environments
 For a named hot arid or polar region, explain how vegetation has adapted to this extreme climate (6)
 Examine why both hot arid and polar regions are described as fragile environments (8)
 Describe one adaptation of a plant that is suited to an extreme climate (2)
 Describe one adaptation of an animal that is suited to an extreme climate (2)
 Explain why extreme environments are vulnerable to change (8)
 Explain the main physical characteristics of hot arid regions (2)
Adaptations to extreme environments
 Describe one way in which people living in an extreme climate have adapted to this environment (2)
 For with a polar or hot arid region explain how farming has adapted to reflect the extreme climate (3)
 In a polar region, give one way in which local buildings and farming have developed to cope with extreme
climate (2) This question could be about clothes, transport, energy, farming
 Describe one design feature of buildings to cope with the climate of a polar environment (2)
 Describe how the cultures and values (way of life) of people living in extreme climates can be considered
unique (6)
 Using named examples, examine the culture and uniqueness of peoples living in extreme environments. (8)
 Describe one feature of a culture of people living in extreme climates that makes them special (2)
 Explain why the culture of a those living in extreme environments are of value to others (4)
How can they be managed and protected from the threats they face?
Threats to extreme environments
 Describe one problem faced by people living in areas of extreme climate (2)
 Suggest one reason why an increase in tourism may damage the culture of people living in extreme climates
(1)
 For a named hot arid or polar region, explain how life is changing for its people (8)
 For a named hot arid or polar region, explain why the lifestyle and culture of its people are under threat. (6)
 Outline one reason why some communities in extreme environments are under threat from out-migration
(2) Could be about cultural dilution through tourism, pollution through resource exploitation, land
degradation through poor land management
 For with a hot arid or a polar regions, explain the main threats to people and their environment (6)
 Outline how climate change threatens the survival of polar settlements. (2)
 Explain one impact of climate change on the environment of polar regions. (2)
 Explain how climate change threatens the survival of hot arid climates (3)
 What is meant by the term species migration? (2)
 Outline the possible impact of climate change on some species in a polar environment (2)
 Explain how the effects of climate change could impact traditional economies in extreme climate regions (8)
 Describe the impact of the melting of permafrost (2)
 Describe the impact of desertification in a hot arid region (4)
Local and Global sustainable management
 For either a hot arid or polar environment, explain the local actions which have been taken to help achieve
sustainability (6)
 Explain the importance of global actions in protecting extreme environments from the threat of climate
change (6)
 Examine how local actions can help communities survive in extreme environments (8)
 Using named examples, explain how global actions are attempting to ensure the survival of communities in
extreme environments. (8)
 Using named examples, explain how global actions are attempting to protect extreme environments (8)
 Using named examples explain how local and global actions are helping the ensure the survival of extreme
environments (8)
 Using examples explain how local communities have tried to become more sustainable in extreme
environments (6)