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Download I. GENERAL A. Primary Function pump blood through the body
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Transcript
I. GENERAL A. Primary Function pump blood through the body B. Normal functional capacity of the heart: ~100,000 heartbeats/day ~2,760,000,000 heartbeats/lifetime ~4,000 gallons (15,000 liters) blood pumped/day II. Cardiac Anatomy A. Location in the mediastinum of thoracic cavity between lungs II. Cardiac Anatomy B. Pericardium 1. a double-walled fibrous sac encloses the heart and roots of the great vessels. II. Cardiac Anatomy B. Pericardium 2. functions to maintain the - position of the heart - protect it from overfilling II. Cardiac Anatomy C. Pericardium 3. Layers 3. Layers a. fibrous pericardium resembles a bag prevents over distension of the heart protects anchors heart to the mediastinum 3. Layers b. serous pericardium thinner inner layer a smooth inner sac with lubricated surfaces which allow movement 2 layers »parietal layer »visceral layer (aka epicardium) 3. Layers parietal layer • lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium visceral layer (aka epicardium) • covers the entire surface of the heart • attached to the myocardium • contains pericardial fluid that lubricates the pericardial cavity, allowing freedom of movement Layers of the the Pericardium B. Pericardium 4. Pericardial Cavity space between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium II. Cardiac Anatomy B. Pericardium 5. Pericarditis inflammation of the pericardium II. Cardiac Anatomy B. Pericardium 6. cardiac tamponade build up pericardial fluid bleeding into the pericardial cavity may result in cardiac failure C. Heart Wall C. Heart Wall 1. Epicardium visceral layer of pericardium fused to the myocardium thin, transparent, smooth, slippery function - protective C. Heart Wall 2. Myocardium bulk of heart muscular involuntary striated, branched cells cells have intercalated discs C. Heart Wall 2. Endocardium endothelium connective t. smooth lines heart and valves C. Heart Wall 2. Endocardium coninuous w/ vascular endothel. II. Cardiac Anatomy C. External Note the coronary sulcus and interventricular sulcus II. Cardiac Anatomy III. Internal Cardiac Anatomy A. Atria 1. smaller, thin walled upper chambers 2. interatrial septum which exhibits fossa ovalis (embryonic foramen ovale) III. Internal Cardiac Anatomy B. Ventricles 1. lower, thickwalled 2. pump blood out of the heart 3. separated by the interventricular septum III. Internal Cardiac Anatomy C. A-V Valves 1. tricuspid valve Location chordae tendoneae papillary muscles III. Internal Cardiac Anatomy C. A-V Valves 2. Bicuspid valve Mitral valve Location Same attachment Tricuspid Valve III. Internal Cardiac Anatomy D.Semilunar valve 1. half moon shaped 2. pulmonary semilunar 3. aortic semilunar Semilunar Valve III. Internal Cardiac Anatomy E. Valve Disorders 1. Diseases caused by a. rheumatic fever b. birth defect c. damage to the papillary muscle d. Aging III. Internal Cardiac Anatomy E. Valve Disorders 2. When a valve becomes diseased they become stenosed or they don’t close completely 3. Causes shortness of breath chest pain tiredness IV. Major Vessels of the Heart A. Arteries Vs Veins 1. Arteries carry blood away blood under great pressure; flows in spurts have thick, elastic, muscular walls lack valves most carry oxygenated blood IV. Major Vessels of the Heart A. Arteries Vs Veins 2. Veins carry toward heart blood under low pressure; flows slowly have thin, slightly muscular walls have valves most carry deoxygenated bld IV. Major Vessels of the Heart B. The Great Vessels IV. Major Vessels of the Heart C. Coronary vessels IV. Major Vessels of the Heart D. Veins of the heart IV. Major Vessels of the Heart Coronary Sinus Blood from the cardiac veins empties into the coronary sinus, which then empties into the right atrium IV. Major Vessels of the Heart E. Coronary Artery Disease any abnormal condition of the coronary arteries that interferes with the delivery of an adequate supply of blood to the heart muscle. IV. Major Vessels of the Heart E. Coronary Artery Disease 1. Arteriosclerosis arteries narrowed due to a build-up of fat, cholesterol and calcium +95 % of c.a. disease IV. Major Vessels of the Heart E. Coronary Artery Disease 2. angina pectoris a painful, tightening, pressure or fullness in the chest results when heart muscle does not receive adequate oxygen IV. Major Vessels of the Heart E. Coronary Artery Disease 2. myocardial infarction heart attack results from total occlusion of a coronary artery V. Blood Flow Through the Heart A. Adult V. Blood Flow Through the Heart B. Fetus 1. Maternal blood supplies the fetus with O2 and nutrients and carries away its wastes. V. Blood Flow Through the Heart B. Fetus 2. Adaptations of fetal blood and vascular system. fetal hemoglobin concentration about 50% greater than in maternal blood. Fetal hemoglobin is slightly different chemically and can carry 20-30% more O2 than maternal hemoglobin VII. ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION SYSTEM A. Sinoatrial Node (SA node) 1. Location: in right atrial myocardium 2. Function: pacemaker VII. ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION SYSTEM A. Sinoatrial Node 3. regulated by autonomic n. s. 4. causes the atria to contract VII. ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION SYSTEM B. Atrioventricular node (AV node) 1. Location: below SA node 2. Function: causes ventricles to contract VII. ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION SYSTEM B. Atrioventricular node (AV node) 3. Controlled by autonomic n.s. VII. ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION SYSTEM C.AV bundle (bundle of His) carries the impulse from the AV node VII. ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION SYSTEM C.Conduction fibers (Purkinje fibers) not nerves modified cardiac mscle carries the impulse into the ventricles Altogether Now VIII. ELECTROCARIOGRAM A.Basic ECG waves 1. P wave generated by the firing of the SA node representing the impulse across the atria to the A/V Node VIII. ELECTROCARIOGRAM A. Basic ECG waves 2. QRS complex representing the impulse as it travels across the ventricles VIII. ELECTROCARIOGRAM A. Basic ECG waves 3. T wave – representing the repolarization of the ventricles IX. Cardiac Cycle (heart beat) A. Auscultation 1.characteristic "lub-dup" 2. caused by vibrations caused by closing valves IX. Cardiac Cycle (heart beat) A. Auscultation 2. closing valves a. Lubb A-V valves b. Dub Semi-lunar valves IX. Cardiac Cycle (heart beat) B. Basic Terminology 1. Systole ventricular contraction atria relax IX. Cardiac Cycle (heart beat) B. Basic Terminology 2. Diasystole atrial contraction ventricles relax IX. Cardiac Cycle (heart beat) B. Basic Terminology 4. tachycardia (higher than normal HR) 5. bradycardia (lower than normal HR)
