Download Test: Chapter 14: New Encounters: The Creation of a World Market

Test: Chapter 14: New Encounters: The Creation of a World Market (honors)
1. What was the primary motive for European exploration in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?
A. to spread Christianity
B. to gain wealth
C. to force social change
D. to provide a place for Protestants
2. What was the term for Spanish explorers?
A. conquistadors
C. reconquista
B. crusaders
D. los vatos locos
3. By the fourteenth century, an increasing percentage of the spice trade was:
A. carried by Dutch ships.
B. transported overland by Mongols.
C. conducted by Muslims.
D. carried by the Portuguese around Africa.
4. What was the first European state to reach South and Southeast Asia?
A. Spain
B. England
C. Portugal
D. the Papal States
5. The Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztecs was:
A. Albuquerque
C. Moctezuma
B. Cortez
D. Pizarro
6. Why did Portugal ultimately fail to dominate the Indian Ocean?
A. It failed to invest in new maritime technologies.
B. Portugal lacked a unified religious identity.
C. The empire was too large to manage.
D. There were no European rivals to inspire competition.
7. The primary threat to Portuguese trade in Southeast Asia came from the English and the:
A. Dutch
B. French
C. Chinese
D. Turks
8. Which of the following was the major African rival to Portuguese power in East Africa?
A. the Ashanti
B. the Boers
C. the Zulus
D. Mwene Mutapa
9. What was the new power in West Africa’s savanna zone after the decline of Mali in the fifteenth century?
A. Bakongo
B. Songhai Empire
C. Ottoman Empire
D. Ming Empire
10. What term best expresses a traditional Chinese attitude of superiority?
A. trade balance
B. dominance
C. Zhongguo
D. Taoism
11. What small Muslim state exerted considerable influence in Southeast Asia?
A. Sultanate of Zanzibar
B. Mamluk Empire
C. Ottoman Empire
D. Sultanate of Malacca
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12. What factor utterly decimated American Indians before the Eurpoeans?
A. firearms
B. war dogs
C. horses
D. disease
13. Which of the following best describes the trade balance between Europe and the rest of the world before the
1500s?
A. The Europeans had little access to exotic goods and had little of value to trade.
B. The Europeans could access exotic goods, but had little of value to trade.
C. The Europeans had large stores of money, but little access to trade goods.
D. The Europeans had goods valued by Asians and Africans, but Arabs blocked trade.
14. What was the principal trade good of West Africa until the eighteenth century?
A. ivory
B. rhinoceros horn
C. slaves
D. gold
15. What served as the lingua franca for international trade in the fifteenth century?
A. Spanish
B. Portuguese
C. Arabic
D. Persian
16. What was the creole (mixed) culture and language of coastal East Africa?
A. Swahili
B. Songhai
C. Amharic
D. Bantu
17. Who was the Chinese explorer of the fifteenth century who made trips to Arabia and Africa?
A. Marco Polo
B. Mansa Musa
C. Zheng He
D. Ming the Merciless
18. Bambucbure is:
A. a rich goldfield in West Africa.
C. a large diamond mine in Zimbabwe.
B. a delicious stew of monkey meat.
D. a city in Indonesia captured by the Portuguese.
19. Whose mission was the first to circumnavigate the globe?
A. Dias’
C. Magellan’s
B. Drake’s
D. Zheng He’s
20. What term best expresses the attitude of superiority of the West?
A. industrialization
B. Eurocentrism
C. suzerainty
D. trade
21. What was the encomienda system?
A. Spaniards owned large estates in the Americas and used African slaves to work them.
B. Portuguese settlers owned large estates in the Azores and used African slaves to work them.
C. Spaniards owned large estates in the Americas and Indians living on the land paid the owners
taxes in the form of labor.
D. Spaniards owned large estates in the Americas and Africans worked off their debts by
providing years of labor to the owners.
22. What economic system is based on the idea of investment in business ventures?
A. capitalism
B. anarchism
C. socialism
D. manorialism
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23. Which city did Albuquerque take because he saw it as critical for controlling trade in Southeast Asia?
A. Mombasa
B. Hormuz
C. Malacca
D. Baghdad
24. allowed ships to tack into the wind?
A. astrolabes
C. watertight compartments
B. lateen sails
D. parrots to sit on captains’ shoulders
25. What treaty established a line down the Atlantic dividing spheres of influence?
A. Peace of Augsburg
B. Peace of Westphalia
C. Treaty of Paris
D. Treaty of Tordesillas
26. What state appeared to have the better end of the treaty in question 25 when it was drafted in 1494?
A. Spain
B. Portugal
C. Sweden
D. England
27. state ended up having the advantage in the treaty in question 25, thanks to vast silver reserves?
A. Spain
B. Portugal
C. Sweden
D. England
28. Whose hajj in 1324 sparked great interest in West Africa?
A. Mansa Musa’s
B. Amda Siyon I
C. Muhammad Ali’s
D. Suleiman the Magnificent’s
29. The School at Sagres is an example of the importance of:
A. the role of centralized national monarchies in European exploration.
B. the role science and engineering in European exploration.
C. the role of industrialization in European exploration.
D. All of the above.
E. A and B, but not C.
30. What was key to allowing the Europeans to gain control over maritime trade in the late 15th century?
A. rich natural resources
B. ship-mounted cannon
C. larger ships than their rivals
D. their knowledge of Latin
31. Who organized Portugal’s concerted effort to develop better seafaring practices?
A. Mansa Musa
B. Elizabeth I
C. Christopher Columbus
D. Henry the Navigator
32. What is the interaction of the Old World and the New World called?
A. the Northwest Passage
B. caravel
C. the Columbian Exchange
D. the Line of Demarcation
33. Who dominated the African slave trade?
A. Arab merchants
C. European rulers
B. African merchants and rulers
D. European spice merchants
34. What is the term for Dutch settlers in South Africa?
A. Congolese
C. Boers
B. Jewish Pale
D. Swahili
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35. Which of the following was not a major reason Cortés was able to defeat the Aztecs with relative ease?
A. Many of the local Indians hated the Aztecs and supported the Spaniards
B. Moctezuma thought Cortés might be the god Quetzalcoatl.
C. The Spanish had superior military equipment like firearms.
D. The Aztec military was decimated by disease.
E. Mr. Sherry is trying to trick us! All of the above were reasons the Spanish won.
36. What is the advantage of a joint stock company over a single owner-operator?
A. A business venture has more capital to work with.
B. A company could get a monopoly from the government.
C. It spreads the risk to a number of owners.
D. A and B, but not C.
E. A and C, but not E.
37. What function(s) did Jesuits serve in the Age of Discovery?
A. scholars serving the courts of local rulers
C. spies for European states
B. ambassadors for European states
D. all of the above
38. What two European states were the main powers in a global rivalry by the 1700s?
A. France and England
B. Spain and England
C. Russia and Austria
D. France and Portugal
Items 39-41 refer to the following graph.
39. Suppose you were an investor in the British East India Company and you invested £100 at the end of 1606
for voyages in 1607. How much profit would you have made?
A. £334
B. £234
C. £34
D. £95
40. Suppose you reinvested £150 for the following year. How much money would you have available to invest
for 1609?
A. £234
B. £100
C. £184
D. £34
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41. Assuming you invested £100 for 1609 (after having invested £100 for 1607 and £150 for 1608), how much
money would you have at the end of 1609?
A. £120
B. £2034
C. £700
D. £418
Questions 42-44 refer to the following graph.
42. What was the approximate Indian population of Central Mexico
when the Spanish arrived?
A. 25 million
B. 16 million
C. 10 million
D. 25,000
43. What was the approximate population immediately after the Spanish
arrival in 1519?
A. 2 million
B. 8 million
C. 16 million
D. 20 million
44. What best accounts for the change?
A. war
C. high birth rates
B. disease
D. intermarriage
Questions 45-47 refer to the following map
45. According to the map above, which port would be most valuable for acquiring sugar?
A. Sofala
B. Goa
C. Pernumbuco
D. Cairo
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46. What natural phenomenon do the arrows in the Indian ocean between Africa and India represent?
A. prevailing westerlies
B. monsoons
C. doldrums
D. tectonic plate movement
47. Suppose you were a captain sailing with a cargo of spices from Indonesia to Aculpulco, what would be
your best strategy?
A. tack into the wind using lateen sails
B. sail before the wind with square sails
C. have galley slaves row the ship
D. tack into the wind using square sails
Questions 48-52 refer to the data below.
48. In the sixteenth century, which trade circuit had the largest number of slaves?
A. Red Sea
B. Trans-Sahara
C. East Africa and Indian Ocean
D. Trans-Atlantic
49. During which century did the Trans-Atlantic slave trade grow the greatest in terms of raw numbers?
A. sixteenth
B. seventeenth
C. eighteenth
D. nineteenth
50. For what percentage of the slave trade did the Red Sea trade circuit account overall from 1500 to 1900?
A. seventeen
B. eight
C. six
D. sixty-one
51. What best accounts for the drop in the trans-Atlantic slave trade from the eighteenth to the nineteenth
centuries?
A. Slaves became too expensive to import
B. the gradual adoption of policies banning slavery in the West
C. the successful slave uprising in Haiti in the early 1800s
D. the American Civil War and Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation
52. Based on the graph above, in which cultural area could one logically conclude that slavery continued as a
legally and socially acceptable practice throughout the 1800s?
A. the Dar al-Islam
B. the West
C. China
D. Scandinavia
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Questions 53-55 deal with the data below.
53. The largest proportion of African slaves went to:
A. Spanish colonies in the Caribbean
C. French, British and Dutch colonies in the Caribbean
B. British North America
D. Brazil
54. What did European merchants trade for slaves in Africa?
A. tobacco
C. molasses
B. gold
D. manufactured goods
55. How much of the slave trade did the British colonies of North America represent?
A. 2.5%
B. 4.5%
C. 37%
D. 15%
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Match the letter of the appropriate trade system on the map with each of question 56-58.
A
E
B
D
C
56. Which trade system on the map represents the way the Portuguese circumvented Muslim merchants in the
Ottoman Empire?
57. Which trade system on the map above represents the route by which the Spanish circumvented Portugal’s
domination over trade in Asia granted by the Treaty of Tordesillas?
58. Which trade system represents the so-called Silk Road?
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