Download European Exploration

European Exploration
I.
Motives for European Exploration
a. Crusades =>
b. Renaissance =>
c. Reformation =>
d. Monarchs seeking . . .
e. Fame, fortune
II.
New Maritime Technologies
a. Astrolabe =>
b. Compass =>
c. Sextant =>
d. Better maps =>
e. Caravel =>
f. Advanced firearms =>
III.
Portuguese Maritime Empire
a. Prince Henry, “the Navigator”
i. Established . . .
ii. Trained sailors, captains in . . .
iii. Developed ___________________________
iv. Encouraged, sponsored ...
b. Portuguese in Africa and Asia
i. Explored _______________ _______________ of _________________
ii. Bartolomeo Diaz (1487): rounded …
iii. Vasco de Gama (1498): first European to sail to _____________________
IV.
Spain and the “West Indies”
a. Goal was to find . . .
b. Christofo Colon (_______________________________) (1451-1506)
i. Columbus’ early life =>
ii. Finding sponsors for his exploration=>
iii. His four voyages established …
iv. He died, convinced that . . .
c. Ferdinand Magellan: first European to ______________________________ the globe
d. Other nations’ Atlantic exploration
i. England (John Cabot) =>
ii. Italy (Amerigo Vespucci) =>
V.
Spanish Conquests of the Americas
a. Fernando Cortez vs. Montezuma II
i. Aztec myths =>
ii. Spanish ally with . . .
iii. Invite Montezuma to meeting, then …
iv. Without a ruler, Aztec Empire ___________________
b. Francisco Pizarro v. Atahualpa (Incans) =>
VI.
The “Columbian Exchange”
a. One of the most significant events . . .
b. Exchange of …
c. Europe (“Old World”) got …
i. Examples of fruits =>
ii. Examples of vegetables =>
iii. Examples of diseases =>
d. America (“New World”) got …
i. Examples of fruits =>
ii. Examples of vegetables =>
iii. Examples of animals =>
iv. Examples of diseases =>
v. Why were the OW diseases so deadly?=>
e. The potato: the most important vegetable in history =>
VII.
Cycle of conquest and colonization
a. Explorers…
b. Conquistadores . . .
c. Missionaries …
d. Permanent settlers …
e. Official European Colony!!!
VIII. Spanish gain from treasure from the Americas =>
IX.
The Triangle Trade and the “Middle Passage”
a. Consisted of _____________ parts
i. First, . . .
ii. Second, …
iii. Third, …
b. Second leg of journey called _____________________ ________________________
X.
The Slave Trade
a. The slave trade existed in Africa before . . .
b. Portuguese replaced ______________________ slaves with _______________
i. Sugar cane =>
ii. First boatload of African slaves . . .
c. Over ____________________ Africans were taken, as slaves
d. Where did the slaves go?
i. Between 1450 and 1900, most slaves went to _________________
ii. A total of _________________ went to the West Indies (Caribbean islands)
iii. A total of ________________ went to British North America
XI.
Competition in the New World
a. Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)
i. Conflict between _____________ and _______________
ii. Who could get what lands in New World?
iii. Pope’s Line: Everything _________ of line went to ___________; Everything
__________ of line went to ______________
iv. Treaty Line =>
b. New Colonial Rivals
i. Portugal lacked the . . .
ii. Spain in Asia =>
iii. First English expedition to . . .
iv. English arrived in NW India in _____________
v. Dutch arrived in India in ______________
XII.
Impact of European Expansion
a. Native populations . . .
b. Influx of gold and silver into Europe =>
c. Columbian Exchange =>
d. Deepened …