Download Chapter 18 - King William County Public Schools

DE Chemistry – King William High School
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Chemical reactions and substances that
provide energy for cell growth
2 types:
1. catabolic reaction – complex molecules
are broken down and release energy
2. anabolic reaction – use energy to build
large molecules from smaller molecules
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Stage 1: Digestion
polysaccharides  monosaccharides
fats  glycerol & fatty acids
proteins  amino acids
**products go into bloodstream for
transport to cells
Stage 2:
digestion product 2 & 3 carbon cmpds
**pyruvate & acetyl-CoA
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Stage 3:
*acetyl-CoA is oxidized in the citric acid cycle
*production of energy in mitochondria
* products of citric acid cycle (NADH & FADH2)
are transferred to electron transport to make
ATP (as long as there is enough oxygen in the
cells)
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ATP (Adenosine
triphosphate) is
released as energy
from the oxidation of
food
ADP + H2O  AMP + Pi + 34 kJ
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Catabolic reactions are energy producing
ADP + Pi + 34 kJ  ATP + H2O
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Anabolic reactions are energy requiring
(stored ATP hydrolyzes to produce energy)
Nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide
 Oxidizing agent
 Accepts electrons to
become NADH
 Reacts with alcohols to
produce aldehydes and
NADH
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Flavin adenine
dinucleotide
 Contains ADP
 Used in the citric
acid cycle
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Prepares small acyl
groups for reactions
with enzymes
Anaerobic (no oxygen
involved)
 Glucose  2 pyruvate
 Occurs in cytoplasm
 Nets 2 ATP & 2 NADH
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Aerobic conditions –
pyruvate is converted
to acetyl-coenzyme A
 Anaerobic conditions –
pyruvate is converted
to lactate
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2 carbon dioxides
3 NADH & 3H+
1 FADH2
1 GTP (1 ATP)
1 CoA
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Proton pump – H+ (protons) concentration
goes up, pH goes down…makes an
electrochemical gradient
Protons must move through ATP synthase in
order to get back into the matrix
When protons move through ATP
synthase…energy is generated (ADP  ATP)
Produces lots of
energy
 Occurs in the
mitochondria
 Produces acetyl-CoA
 # of Cs determines
how much energy is
produced
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About 10% of our
energy