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- - - - - - Kin 217 - November 16th, 2005 Midterm 2 Pyruvate carboxylase o Part of the filling up reaction o Citric synthase…part of TCA cycle o Allosterically regulated by acetyl-CoA o When Pyruvate carboxylase is activated, Oxaloacetate up, more citrate can be formed, therefore reducing acetyl-COA and boosting TCA cycle This is called a “filling up reaction” Uncoupling and Ethanol o May increase and decrease uncoupling Dose and duration dependent Ethanol induces thermodysregulation Raise temperature when surroundings are warm Lower temp when surroundings are cold Coenzyme Q o Shunting enzymes from 1 and 2 to 3 o Ability to receive protons and electrons (the double bond O indicates this!) o Purpose of side chain is to anchor it.. Glycolysis and Krebs cycle step by step? Do we need to know all the enzyme? o The more you understand, the better it is o Break down and understand what each step does and then build on that o What does TCA do? o Simple diagrams of TCA o TOOO MANY ENZYMES TO MEMORIZE….remember the ones he emphasized Pyruvate decarboxylase, pyruvate dehydrogenase… Shuttles – glycolysis, krebs, oxidative phosphorylation o During glycolysis, produce some NADH and a little bit of ATP o But remember glycolysis occurs in cytosol o Where does the oxidative phosphorylation work?? o Glycerol phosphate shuttle…transfers electrons from NADH to DHAP forming glycerol 3 phosphate, delivering to FADH2, which can enter ETC (?) o Remember electron potential goes negative Malate Aspartate Shuttle o Same concept deliever electrons from asparatate to moxaloacetate to form malate.. This gives you NADH Oxaloacetate can not enter mitochondrial miatriax….so we have to make asparatate (?) Shuttles are just mechanisms to transfer compounds across the membrane… o 12.7 o Kinase they phosphorylate things! - - - o :’( LDL….using Friedwald equation ATP Talley o LET’S DO IT o Start with glycolysis…cost is 2 ATP…end up generating 4 ATP, 2 NADH…if we take glycerol-3phosphate we get 5 ATP (?) o Citric Acid Cycle o 1 acetyl CoA will give you what? 2 ATP, 6 NAD = 15 ATP, 2 NADH via pyruvate via pyruvate dehydrogenase Generating 3 ATP from 2 FADH2 o Depending on what shuttle is used, either 30 or 32 Know organic structures…what is a carboxy acid, aldehyde, alcohol… o Not all structures… o