Download Unit 4 Part II Review

p. 337 #1, 2, 3, 4, & 10
p. 339 #1
p. 363 # 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, & 10
p. 365 #1, 2, 3, 5, 6, & 7
p. 337 #11 & 12
p. 363 #11, 12,13, & 14
p. 364 #29
1. A cross between dissimilar
individuals to bring together their
best characteristics is called
A.Genetic engineering
B.Inbreeding
C.Hybridization
D.Sequencing
Answer: C
2. Crossing individuals with
similar characteristics so that
those characteristics will appear
in the offspring is called
A. Inbreeding
B. Electrophoresis
C. Hybridization
D. Genetic engineering
Answer: A
3. Varieties of purebred dogs are
maintained by
A. Selective breeding
B. Hybridization
C. Inbreeding
D. Genetic engineering
Answer: C
4. Changing the DNA of an
organism is called
A.Genetic engineering
B.Hybridization
C.Selective breeding
D.Inbreeding
Answer: A
10.A member of a population of
genetically identical cells
produced from a single cell is
a
A. Clone
B. Plasmid
C. Mutant
D. Sequence
Answer: A
1. Which of the following can be
used to produce organisms
with desirable traits?
I. Inbreeding
II. Genetic engineering
III. Inducing mutations
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and III only
D. II and III only
E. I, II, and III
Answer: E
1. A normal human diploid
zygote contains a full set of
A. 23 chromosomes
B. 46 chromosomes
C. 44 chromosomes
D. XXY chromosomes
Answer: B
2. A chart that traces the
inheritance of a trait in a
family is called a(n)
A. Pedigree
B. Karyotype
C. Genome
D. Autosome
Answer: A
3. Traits that are caused by the
interaction of many genes are
said to be
A. Polyploid
B. Linked
C. Polygenic
D. Autosomal
Answer: C
4. An example of a trait that
is determined by multiple
alleles is
A. Huntington’s
disease
B. ABO blood groups
C. Down syndrome
D. Hemophilia
Answer: B
5. Most sex-linked genes
are found on the
A. Y chromosome
B. O chromosome
C. YY chromosome
D. X chromosome
Answer: D
6. Hemophilia is a genetic
disorder that is
A. Sex-linked
B. Sex-influenced
C. Fairly common
D. More common in
women than men
Answer: A
8. A common genetic
disorder characterized by
bent and twisted red
blood cells is
A. Cystic fibrosis
B. Hemophilia
C. Sickle cell disease
D. Muscular dystrophy
Answer: C
10.The process of
attempting to cure
genetic disorders by
placing copies of healthy
genes into cells that lack
them is known as
A. Gene therapy
B. DNA fingerprinting
C. Rapid sequencing
D. The Human
Genome Project
Answer: A
1. Which of the following
can be observed in a
person’s karyotype?
I. Colorblindness
II. Trisomy 21
III. Turner’s syndrome
A. I only
B. III only
C. I and II only
D. II and III only
E. I, II, and III
Answer: D
2. Which of the following
conditions is caused by a
sex-linked gene?
I. Klinefelter’s
syndrome
II. Down syndrome
III. Muscular dystrophy
A. I only
B. III only
C. I and II only
D. II and III only
E. I, II, and III Answer: B
3.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
A child has colorblindness. Which
genotype-phenotype combination is
NOT possible in the child’s parents?
The father does not carry the allele and
does not have colorblindness.
The mother carries one allele but does
not have colorblindness.
The father carries one allele but does
not have colorblindness.
The father carries one allele but has
colorblindness.
The mother carries two alleles and has
colorblindness.
Answer: C
5. Which pattern(s) of inheritance
are consistent with the
pedigree?
I. Sex-linked
II. Complete dominance
III. Codominance
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II only
D. II and III only
E. I, II, and III
Answer: B
6. What are the probable
genotypes of the student’s
parents?
A. Mother – Ww; Father – ww
B. Mother – ww; Father – ww
C. Mother – WW; Father – Ww
D. Mother – WW; Father – WW
E. Mother – Ww; Father - Ww
Answer: E
7. The student does not have a
widow’s peak hairline, but her
sister does. What are the
girls’ probable genotypes?
A. Student – Ww; sister – ww
B. Student – WW; sister – Ww
C. Student – ww; sister – Ww
D. Student – ww; sister – ww
E. Student – Ww; sister - Ww
Answer: C
11. Compare hybridization and
inbreeding. Why are they
considered forms of selective
breeding?
Answer: Hybridization- cross dissimilar
organisms; inbreeding – cross similar
organisms; both involve selecting to
breed organisms with the desired
characterisitcs.
12. How do breeders produce
new genetic variations not found
in nature?
Answer: By including mutations with
chemicals or radiation
11. Describe how a karyotype is
prepared and analyzed.
Answer: Photographing cells in mitosis,
cut out the chromosomes from the
photographs, and group them together
in pairs. They then check whether any
chromosomes are missing or if there
are extra copies.
12. What is the difference
between autosomes and sex
chromosomes?
Answer: sex chromosomes – X and Y
determine an individual’s sex; the
remaining chromosomes are autosomal.
13. How can a family pedigree be
helpful in determining the
probability of having a child with
a genetic disorder?
Answer: A pedigree shows how a
genetic trait has been passed from 1
generation to the next. This
information can be used to infer the
genotypes of family members and
predict the likelihood that a child will
have the disorder.
14. In the pedigree below, the
shaded symbols indicate people
who have hemophilia. Which
mothers certainly are carriers?
Why did the sons of person 3 not
inherit the trait?
Answer: Mothers 1 & 6 are
carriers. Person 3 can pass the
affected X chromosome only to
his daughters; his sons inherit his
Y chromosome and an X
chromosome from their mother.
29. Analyze the human
karyotype below. Identify the
chromosomal disorder it shows.
Answer:
Turner’s
syndrome; only
1X
chromosome is
present and
there is no Y
chromosome.
Extra Questions to help you for
the test…
When a person decides what traits
they desire in the offspring…..
Answer: selective breeding
Crossing a horse and a donkey to
produce a mule is known as
Answer: hybridization
Breeding to maintain the desired
traits of an organism….
Answer: inbreeding
Making many copies of a gene is
done through
Answer: polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) – see page 325 in book
What is genetic engineering and
how is it done?
Answer: Manipulating DNA;
reading and editing a DNA
sequence and then inserting it into
another living organism.
What is a clone?
Answer: genetically identical
organisms (identical twins, Dolly
the sheep)
What kind of cells were used to
make Dolly?
Answer: an egg cell and a body cell
What is a karyotype?
Answer: a photograph of all the
chromosomes in an organism
What is the probability that a
human child will be male?
Answer: 50%
What is the probability that a
human sperm cell will carry an X
chromosome?
Answer: 50%
What is a pedigree and how is it
used?
Answer: A chart of inheritance (like
a family tree); used to determine
whether a trait is inherited and how
that trait is passed from one
generation to the next; it can also
determine whether an allele is
dominant or recessive.
Is it possible for a human child to
be born with:
3 X chromosomes?
1 X chromosome?
0 X chromosomes?
Answer: Yes: XXX – female with extra X
chromosome
Yes: XY – a male OR X – female with a
missing X chromosome
No: X chromosome contains genes vital
for normal development; baby would not
survive
If a Y chromosome is present in a
human karyotype then the person
in question is a
Answer: male
Test is Tomorrow
It is VERY short – only
about 20 questions
(multiple choice - 4 points each
short answers – varies between 4 & 8 points;
multiple parts are graded separately)