Download Mitosis and Meiosis Power Point

Reproduction and
Development
What is reproduction?
Anticipatory Set
 Please meet:
Petero
(from Uganda)
 And
 Kenadie!!!
 What do they have in common??
Crouzon Syndrome
genetic disorder, skull bones fuse, 1-25,000 are
affected
 *
Meet Kenadie!
 Kenadie 3yrs.old
 Tyran 18mths.
 Primodial
 dwarfism
Chapter Vocabulary
 Chromatin
 Gene
 Chromatid
 Karyotype
 Chromosome
 Gamete
 Sister chromatids
 Zygote
 Homologous pair
 Diploid
 Haploid
 Autosome
 Sex chromosome
 mutation
Reproduction
 To make more of its own kind:
 A) asexual – 1 parent, identical
offspring
 B) sexual – 2 parents, NOT
identical offspring
What is a chromosome?
 Contains genetic information
 Made of genes which are made of DNA
 Chr. genes  DNA
 Let’s look at the structure: chromatid, centromere,
double stranded chromosome
CHROMATIN
thin uncoilded strands of DNA
CHROMATID
each side of chromosome
HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME
the same shape and size carry genes for
same traits
Karyotype
What gender is this individual?
What can you tell me about
this karyotype?
Mouse Karyotype
Diagnosis the individual…
DIPLOID
cells with TWO sets of chromosomes (2n)
Haploid
only ONE set of chromosomes (n)
Cell Cycle
Cell Cycle!
What is Mitosis?
 Cell division by nuclear
duplication (exact copy) and
cytoplasmic division
 Occurs through phases….
How to Remember the
phases!
 I______________
 P______________
 M_____________
 A______________
 T______________
What are the phases
(stages) of mitosis?
 Interphase: (not considered the first phase)
 G1, S, G2




Resting stage
Chromosomes duplicate
Growth
Longest phase
Prophase

Nuclear membrane begins to disappear

Nucleolus disappears

Spindle fibers begin to

form

Chromosome visible

Under microscope!

Centrioles appear begin
migrating to opposite pole
-Asters radiate from centrioles &
attach to chromosomes
Metaphase
 Chromosomes line up in middle
 Spindle fibers attach
 Centrioles on opposite ends (centrioles not present in
plant
Cell!
Anaphase
 Chromosomes separate
 Centromere duplicate
 Spindle fibers shorten
Telophase
 Membrane begins to pinch in
 Cytoplasm divides
 Daughter cells form (identical)
 Reappearance of nuclear membrane, centrosome, etc.
Cytokinesis
 Cytoplasm divides forming
the cleavage furrow.
 Plant cell forms cell plate
only!
 !
mitosis
 *
Under the microscope
 !
Plant cell mitosis
 Identify the parts…
Difference in Plants
 NO CENTRIOLES
 FORMS CELL PLATE!!
Meiosis
What is
meiosis?
Why do we
need to learn
about it??
Meisosis
 !
Mitosis and Meiosis
Spermatogenesis
Oogenesis
What are the different forms of
asexual reproduction?
 1. binary fission
 2. budding
 3. spore formation
 4. regeneration
 5. vegetative propagation
Binary Fission
 Equal division
 A) paramecium
 B) ameba
Budding
 Unequal cytoplasmic division
 A) yeast
 B) hydra
 Produces many buds
 Also reproduces sexually
 Budding
Sporulation
 Spore formation
 A) bread mold
 Spores: released by parent, good condition the develop,
protective wall to prevent drying of protoplasm
 Hypha, mycelium (spores), rhizoids
Bread Mold
Bread Mold
 YUM!!
Regeneration
 Growing back of missing parts
 A) starfish
 B) planaria (flatworm
(we can’t regenerate due to “differentiated cells”)
ex: we can’t grow a finger back!
Starfish Regeneration
 OUCH!
Vegetative Propagation
 Type of regeneration in plants from roots, stems or
leaves
 A) Natural Vegetative Propagation
 1. bulbs – onions, raddish (roots)
 2. tubers – potatoes (stems)
 3. runners – strawberries, ivy
Natural Vegetative
Propagation
 *
Artificial Vegetative Propagation
 1. cuttings
 2. grafting