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Sentence Types
•
•
•
•
Declarative - makes a statement (.)
Imperative - makes a command (.)
Interrogative - asks a question (?)
Exclamatory - shows excitement (!)
• Nouns: A noun names a person, a
place, a thing, or an idea.
– Common nouns: (not capitalized)
– Proper nouns: (capitalized)
– Singular nouns: one
– Plural nouns: nouns that name more
than one.
Verbs
• Action Verbs: tells what the subject
of the sentence does.
• Main Verbs and Auxiliary Verbs: A
verb phrase is made up of one or
more auxiliary (helping) verbs and
a main verb.
Verbs
– Auxiliary verbs are helping verbs ex.
Am, is, are, was, were, be, being,
been, do, does, did, have, has, had,
can, may, must, will, shall, could,
might, would, should, etc..
– Main verbs are the last verb in the
verb phrase.
Auxiliary – Ex. may have saved
Main verb
Subjects and Predicates
• Every sentence has a subject and a
predicate.
• A subject tells whom or what the sentence
is about.
• The predicate tells what the subject does,
is, has, or feels.
• A complete subject contains all the words
in the subject.
• A complete predicate contains all the
words in the predicate.
Limericks are light-hearted poems
that are five lines in length. Limericks
have a specific rhyme pattern as
explained below:
Line 1: 3 stressed syllables (rhymes with lines 2
and 5)
Line 2: 3 stressed syllables (rhymes with lines 1
and 5)
Line 3: 2 stressed syllables (rhymes with line 4)
Line 4: 2 stressed syllables (rhymes with line 3)
Line 5: 3 stressed syllables (rhymes with 1 and 2)
King of the Hill
There once was an ant we called Phil.
Who thought he was king of the hill.
He took a big plunge
And fell in some grunge.
He’s no longer the king of the hill.
Adverbs
1. An adverb is a word that describes
(modifies) a verb, adjective, or
another adverb.
2. Adverbs answer three questions
about the verbs they describe - how,
when, and where.
3. Adverbs that modify adjectives or
other adverbs tell how or to what
extent.
Subjects in Imperative and
Interrogative Sentences
The subject of an imperative sentence
is always (you.) You is usually
understood rather than stated.
To find the subject of an interrogative
sentence, rearrange the question into a
statement. Then ask who or what is
the sentence about.
Ex. Please test the battery.
Subject: (You)
Will the actors speak loudly?
The actors will speak loudly.
Subject: actors
Adjectives
-An adjective modifies
(describes) a noun or
pronoun.
-An adjective can tell what
kind, which one, or how
many.
-A, an, and the are special
adjectives called articles.
The refers to a specific item
or items. A or an refers to
any one item in a group.
Adjectives Cont…
1. Common adjectives describe
nouns in a general way ex. big dog
Proper adjectives are formed from
proper nouns ex. Victorian house
2. Demonstrative adjectives:
answer which ones ex. that, these,
and those
Using Adjectives to Compare
1. The positive degree describes one
thing.
Kyle was good at solving riddles.
He is short.
2. The comparative degree compares
two things.
Tyler’s sister was better than he.
Tyler’s sister is shorter.
Using Adjectives to Compare cont…
3. The superlative degree compares
three or more things.
Her brother was the best riddle solver
of all.
Her brother is shortest.
Spelling of Comparing Adjectives
-Add -er and -est to most adjectives that
are one or two syllables long. Ex. bigger
-If the one or two syllable adjective ends
in y, drop the y and add -ier or -iest. Ex.
happiest
-Use more and most or less and least in
front of most adjectives with two or
more syllables. Ex. More advanced
Exam Study Guide
1. Five sentences from previous
test will need to be edited and
corrected.
2. Sentence Types
3. You will perform colorful
parts of speech on five sentences.
4. Matching: Parts of speech
and their definitions.
Spelling cont…
-Add-r and -st to short adjectives
that end in e. ex. Able, abler, ablest
-Some adjectives are irregular and
don’t follow these rules, for
example: bad/worse/worst or
good/better/best
Pronouns
*Are words that can be substituted for
nouns in naming people, places, and
things.
*Personal pronouns refer to
people or animals: I, you, she, he, it,
we, they, me, him, her, us, them
*Possessive pronouns are
personal pronouns used to show
possession: my, mine, your(s), his,
her(s), our(s), their(s), whose
*Demonstrative pronouns refer to
specific people, places, or things: this,
that, these, those
*Indefinite pronouns refer to or
replace nouns in a general way. Some
indefinite pronouns are also used as
adjectives: all, any, anyone, both, each,
either, every, many, neither, nobody, no
one, nothing, other(s), several, some,
someone
*Reflexive pronouns are used to refer
back to subject nouns and pronouns:
myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself,
ourselves, yourselves, themselves.
*Intensive pronouns are reflexive
pronouns that emphasize a noun or
another pronoun: John himself, she
herself, the team themselves, we
ourselves
*Interrogative pronouns are used to
ask questions: what, which, whom,
Examples
*Personal: They told us that they
were going to meet her at the mall.
*Possessive: If this bubble gum isn’t
hers, then it must be mine.
*Demonstrative: Which ice
skates are lighter, these or those?
*Indefinite: Anyone can try
out for the team, but only some will
make it. *Reflexive: Cathy knew she
could do it herself.
Examples cont…
*Intensive: We ourselves formed the
new reading club.
*Interrogative: What is happening
and to whom?
Prepositions
Prepositions relate a noun or pronoun
to another word in the same sentence.
A preposition can also connect a
pronoun to a noun in a sentence.
A preposition usually tells where
something is, where something is
going, or when something is
happening. A preposition always
introduces a phrase.
The noun at the end of the
prepositional phrase is the object of the
preposition.
Examples:
The cups are over the sink.
Lee went to the concert with Kim.
Mary ran to her mother.
The cat ran after the mouse.
Being and Linking Verbs
Being verbs are linking verbs that do not
describe action, but a state of being.
They connect a noun or adjective to the
subject of a clause or sentence.
Common Being and Linking Verbs:
am is are was were
seem
be being
been
become
look appear feel
taste
smell
Conjunctions
Words that join words, phrases, clauses,
and sentences.
Coordinating conjunctions-join
words phrases, and sentences (and but
nor so or yet)
Subordinating conjunctions-join
dependent clauses to independent clauses
(after, although, as, as if, because,
before, for, if, once, since, so, so that,
than, that, though, till, unless, until,
when, whenever, where, whereas,
wherever, whether, while)
Direct Objects
A direct object receives the action of a
verb.
Some direct objects are compound.
To find the direct object, find the action
verb, and ask who or what receives the
action.