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Mesoamerica Aztecs What Will we learn? Environment Cities Language/Writing Economy Government Religion Achievements Peak of Aztec Power Roughly 1325- 1521 The Aztecs Aztecs Video (0:00 – 12 Mins) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ZyB47qGXoI The Aztecs Environment Valley of Mexico 7,500 ft above sea level Fertile soil Several shallow lakes Lake Texcoco The Aztecs Cities Teotihuacan Tenochtitlan Tenochtitlan – Templo Mayor (Great Temple) Tenochtitlan – Extra Information As the empire grew, so did the temple/pyramid. Expanded the structure and covered over it. Temple was rebuilt on the same location 7x. Tenochtitlan – Templo Mayor (Great Temple) Tenochtitlan Tenochtitlan Tenochtitlan Tenochtitlan – Human Sacrifices Aztec were FAR more into human sacrifices than the Mayans. Became almost like a “frenzy”. Institutionalized / Ritualistic Literally believed that the sun would not rise if they did not have human sacrifices. Blood = Precious water. Most valuable thing to offer to the gods and they needed blood in large quantities. Tenochtitlan – Human Sacrifices Sacrifice Altar Running blood Channels Heart placed as an offering People captured from other villages, tribes, prisoners Ripped out the beating heart with an obsidian blade Decapitated the person after sacrifice Tenochtitlan Tenochtitlan – Figurines Found in the Temple Tenochtitlan Military Dominance Fiercest Fighters Killing on the battlefield became an art form. The Aztecs Lang/Writing Pictographs or glyphs Not a complete writing system that can communicate all things The Aztecs Economy Demanded tribute from those they conquered Traded Obsidian The Aztecs Gov’t Created Triple Alliance with: Texcoco Tlacopan Ruled from the Atlantic to the Pacific and south to Guatemala Emperor/King at the top – absolute power Claimed lineage with the gods and ruled over everyone else Power weakens under Montezuma The Aztecs Religion Based on belief of the struggle between good and evil Polytheistic – over 1,000 gods Offerings to the gods: Dramas Songs Dances Sacrifice to the Sun God- Cut out human hearts Teotihuacan Aztec Pyramids (Sun and Moon) At the top of the Sun Pyramid The Aztecs Achievements 2 main calendars Planned city of Tenochtitlan Causeways or bridges to city Chinampas: Floating Gardens Decline of the Aztecs Spanish conquistadors led by Hernando Cortes conquered the Aztecs. Aztec leader Moctezuma II was killed. Mexico speaks Spanish today because of the conquistadors. Modern day Mexico city was literally built right on top of Tenochtitlan.