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Circulatory System- Additional Terms
Chap. 15 & Chap. 25
A. Cardio- heart
B. Vascular- blood vessels
1. Aorta- “great artery”; largest artery in the body; delivers blood to the body from the heart; systemic circulation
V- 2. Aortic Valve- valve between the bottom of the left side of the heart and the aorta
3. Endocardium- tough membrane that lines all four heart chambers
4. Inferior Vena Cava- major vein bringing deoxygenated blood back to the heart from the lower half of the body
C- 5. Left Atrium- upper left chamber of the heart receiving oxygenated blood back from the lungs
C- 6. Left Ventricle- lower left chamber of the heart that sends oxygenated blood to the body via the aorta
V- 7. Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve- valve between the top and bottom chambers of the left side of the heart
8. Myocardium- heart muscle; different than smooth and striated because of regular contract/relax cycle
9. Pericardium- the sac which encloses the heart; fluid between the sac and the heart wall
10. Pulmonary Arteries- arteries that take blood to the lungs from the heart; carrying deoxygenated blood
V-11. Pulmonary Valve- valve between the bottom chamber of the right side of the heart and the pulmonary artery
12. Pulmonary Veins- veins that bring blood back to the heart from the lungs; carrying oxygenated blood
C-13. Right Atrium- upper right chamber of the heart receiving deoxygenated blood back from the body
C-14. Right Ventricle- lower right chamber of the heart that sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs
15. Septum- wall of tissue that separates right and left ventricles in the heart
16. Superior Vena Cava- major vein bringing deoxygenated blood back to the heart from the top of the body
V-17. Tricuspid Valve- valve between the top and bottom chambers of the right side of the heart
18. Pulmonary Circulation- blood to the lungs and back to the heart; picks up O2 and drops off CO2
19. Systemic Circulation- blood to the body and back to the heart
20. Coronary Circulation- blood to the myocardium and back to the heart; needed to nourish myocardium
21. Renal Circulation- blood to the kidneys and back to the heart; to nourish the kidney and filter the blood
22. Portal Circulation- blood to the digestive system and back to the heart; spleen, stomach, pancreas, SI, & colon
23. Hepatic Circulation- blood to the liver and back to the heart; for nourishment and filter the blood
24. Sinoatrial Node- natural pacemaker; mass of nerve fiber located in wall of rt. atrium; causes atrial contraction
25. Atrioventricular Node- located in septum and walls of the ventricles; delays contraction until filled with blood
26. Pulse- same rhythm as heartbeat; carotid, brachial, and radial; (60-100 normal adult; 80-120 child; 80-120+ infant)
27. Sympathetic System- autonomic nervous system that speed up heartbeat
28. Parasympathetic System- autonomic nervous system that slows down the heartbeat
29. Transient Ischemic Attack- less than 24 hrs. usually 1 hr. when a part of the brain is deprived of O2; symptoms include
transient loss of speech, numbness, or weakness; stroke is permanent ischemia
30. Rh Factor- protein in the blood; 85% of pop. Is Rh+; 15% of pop. Is Rh31. Autologous-storage of your own blood for a surgery; good for 42 days; usually donate one unit per week; not 3 days before
32. Blood Types- A,B,AB,& O; red blood cells are typed
33. Pernicious Anemia- person is unable to absorb vitamin B12 and use it to make RBC’s; treated w/ injections of Vit. B12
34. Sickle-cell Anemia-hereditary disorder in which RBC’s carry abnormal hemoglobin and can rupture easily; no cure; rigid
and sickle-shaped; occurs in most often in people of African ancestry
35. LDL & HDL- low density lipoprotein is the bad cholesterol and should be under 130; high density lipoprotein is the good
cholesterol which should be at least 45
36. Acute Myocardial Infarction- AMI; heart attack
37. Cardiologist- heart specialist
38. Edema- fluid build-up; when in the lungs and caused by congestive heart failure; may be fatal
39. Arrythmia-disruption of the steady & rhythmic rate of the heartbeat; abnormal heart rate
40. Catheter- slender, flexible tube used to get dye, balloon, or laser into place in the heart or coronary blood vessels
41. Palpitations- forceful heart contractions that follow extra heartbeats; strength of heartbeat is proportional to amount of blood
entering the heart’s chambers
42. Diaphoresis- profuse, inappropriate sweating for no reason
43. Nitroglycerine- medicine used to relieve an angina attack
44. Silent Ischemia- painless disruption in blood flow to the heart muscle which deprives the area of O2; 4x more common
than angina; damages tissue because of inadequate O2
45. Idiopathic-cause unknown
46. Aneurysm- weak spot in a blood vessel; permanent, blood-filled dilated vessel
47. Coronary Embolism-clot that formed elsewhere and has traveled to the heart
48. Coronary Thrombosis- a clot that forms in the coronary blood vessels
49. Stroke Volume- amount of blood pumped with each heartbeat; norm. is 80cc; 30cc = 1 oz.
50. Cardiac Output-stroke volume X heart rate; amount of blood pumped from the heart per minute
51. Acclimatization- gradually adapting to a higher altitude; takes 2-3 mos. for full process; lung capacity increases; # of rbc’s
increases, heart rate increases, and stroke volume increases
52. Deconditioning- changes in heart and lungs caused by space travel; similar to being confined to bed for a long time
53. Premature Ventricular Contractions- PVC’s extra beats between normal ones; heart does not pump full amount so
next beat is more forceful; alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, and excitement may cause PVC’s to happen; problem if heart has too
many or if they follow one another