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U8 Evolution Test Review KEY 2015-16 I. TEKS 7A: Analyze and evaluate how evidence of common ancestry among groups is provided by the fossil record, biogeography, and homologies, including anatomical, molecular, and development; 7B: Analyze and evaluate scientific explanations concerning any data of sudden appearance, stasis and sequential nature of groups in the fossil record; 7C: Analyze and evaluate how natural selection produces change in populations, not individuals; 7D: Analyze and evaluate how the elements of natural selection, including inherited variation, the potential of population to produce more offspring than can survive, and a finite supply of environmental resources, result in differential reproductive success; 7E: Analyze and evaluate the relationship of natural selection to adaptation and the development of diversity in and among species. II. Evidences of Evolution Notes A. Name the 6 evidences of evolution and briefly describe each (refer to the notes and pages 423-428). Evidence of Evolution Description 1. Artificial selection Humans select naturally occurring genetic variations in a species 2. Biochemical DNA and protein sequence formed from amino acids; the fewer the differences, the closer the evolutionary relationship 3. Fossil record Paleontology studies remains or traces of past life 4. Biogeography Study the inheritance of organisms living widely apart and how they are similar 5. Comparative anatomy Considers homologous and vestigial structures and embryological development 6. Observable events Ongoing events that can be seen and studied in various species B. Give 3 examples of vestigial structures (refer to the notes and page 425). Human tail bone, appendix, wisdom tooth, goose bumps; whale pelvis C. Define homologous structures and give examples (refer to the Evidence of Evolution concept map Notes and pages 424). Structures which have similar embryonic development, but different mature forms and perform different functions D. In which rock layers are the oldest fossils found? Explain your answer. Oldest layers are those found deep in the ground. A B C B C 1 E. Using the partial cytochrome c amino acid sequences below, answer the questions that follow. Human A P Y S T A K Monkey A P Y T A K Q Rabbit A S V F D K N 1. How many similarities are there between the human and the monkey? 6 2. How many differences are there between the human and the monkey? 1 3. How many differences are there between the human and rabbit? 5 4. Which organism is more closely related to the human? Monkey 5. What type of evidence of evolution does this illustrate? Biochemical (DNA & protein sequencing) III. Darwin and Natural Selection Notes A. Name the Basic Components of Darwin’s “Theory of Natural Selection”. 1. All species have genetic variation 2. Genetic variation is inheritable 3. Organisms reproduce more offspring than the environment can support 4. Competition is created when there are more offspring than environmental resources, there is struggle for survival 5. Organisms which are more fit will have will have favorable traits and reproductive success IV. Evolution of Populations A. Name the two main sources of genetic variation 1. Mutations 2. Gene shuffling during meiosis and sexual reproduction B. List the five conditions outlined in the Hardy-Weinberg principle that must be met to maintain genetic equilibrium, which produces no change in allele frequencies (refer to notes and page 431-432). 1. Random mating 2. Large population 3. No movement in or out of the population 4. No mutations 5. No natural selection V. Sample Questions 1. What evolution concept is demonstrated below? A. survival of the fittest B. dynamic equilibrium C. succession D. extinction 2 2. According to the figure below, how many species of finch eat insects? __5___ 3. Which statement is most closely related to the modern theory of evolution? A. Characteristics that are acquired during life are passed to offspring by sexual reproduction. B. Evolution is the result of mutations and recombination, only. C. Organisms best adapted to a changed environment are more likely to reproduce and pass their genes to offspring. D. Asexual reproduction increases the survival of species 4. Which will reduce competition within a species’ population? A. fewer individuals C. fewer resources B. higher birthrate D. animal breeders 5. When lions prey on a herd of antelopes, some antelopes are killed and some escape. Which part of Darwin’s concept of natural selection might be used to describe this situation? A. acquired characteristics B. reproductive isolation C. survival of the fittest D. competition 6. Charles Darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its specific environment A. diversity. B. fitness. C. adaption. D. artificial selection. 3 7. Use the dichotomous key below to identify the unknown female mosquito. Female Aeodes 8. Refer to your 6 Kingdoms Chart to complete the table below. Place a check in the characteristics column if it applies to the kingdom. Kingdom (Eu)Bacteria ArchaeBacteria Protista Fungi Plant Animal Cell Type (Eukaryote or Prokaryote) Pro Pro Euk Euk Euk Euk Characteristics Auto/Heterotroph or Both Both Both Both Heterotroph Autotroph Heterotroph Cell wall Plasma membrane Genetic Material Cytoplasm 4