* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Evolution Notes - Spring Branch ISD
Survey
Document related concepts
Natural selection wikipedia , lookup
Saltation (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Hologenome theory of evolution wikipedia , lookup
Precambrian body plans wikipedia , lookup
Hybrid (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Evolving digital ecological networks wikipedia , lookup
Vestigiality wikipedia , lookup
Evidence of common descent wikipedia , lookup
Inclusive fitness wikipedia , lookup
The eclipse of Darwinism wikipedia , lookup
Genetics and the Origin of Species wikipedia , lookup
Transitional fossil wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Evolution Notes: • Aristotle- around 230 BCE. Ranked the natural world into a scale or hierarchy called “Scala Natura” (The scale of Nature) this listed things in terms of importance or complexity. It was a Ladder type of idea or the natural world. • Carolus Linnaeus- around 1770 Wrote the “Systema Naturae” which classified plants by very specific characteristics and grouped them into families. This was more like a tree or branching model (not a ladder or scale like Aristotle) • Jean Baptiste Lamarck- around 1820 Believed organisms change through Use and Disuse. Meaning that a Giraffe gains a longer neck through use and passes on that trait to his offspring His idea has been discounted through observation, and genetic understanding. WHO IS CHARLES DARWIN? Darwin was a naturalist that voyaged on the HMS Beagle (a ship) in the 1830’s. It traveld around the globe. From his voyage observations he wrote “Origin of Species” In the “Origin of Species” he explained his theory of Evolution. It had four main points: 1. Individuals in a species are varied (no two individuals are identical) 2. Organism that produce the most offspring that survive to maturity have better successes. 3. In an ecosystem in equilibrium, a population tends to stay fairly constant. 4. Some traits and adaptations can be passed onto offspring. Evidence for Evolution: FOSSIL RECORD- fossils are imprints or petrified remains of organisms from the past. Relative Dating- arranging or sequencing the age of fossils based on their placement in the soil. The oldest fossils would be found on the bottom. Species that existed at similar times would be found in an equal position in the rock layers. Radioactive Dating- finding the exact age of a fossil by measuring the amount of specific elements in the sample based on the know length of atom decay of that substance. HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES -structure in different organisms that have similar structures, this implies a common ancestor Vestigial Structures- structures on an organism that no longer serve a purpose, Ex: Appendix, tail bone Analogous Structure- structures with similar function but different structure Ex: Insect Wing and Bird Wing EMBRYOLOGY Comparing the similarity in embryos (developing- unborn young) and the genes that are present and activated shows similarity among various animals (not just mammals) BIOGEOGRAPHY similarity of organism in geographically isolated parts that have common structures and behaviors DNA SEQUENCEING Compairing the genetic code of organisms Humans and Chimps have a 1% difference in their genetic code. Natural Selection: the survival of a species based on its ability to adapt and survive. The struggle to survive in nature. Survival of Competition: the Fittest: The organisms with the greatest “fitness” will survive long enough to reproduce and pass of their traits. Artificial Selection: When the traits that are passed are selected by humans for purposes other than survival. Ex: Dog breeding and Horse Breeding Decent with Modification: changes that have occurred in species that originated with a common ancestor. Adaptation- a structural or behavioral change that is a benefit to the survival of the species. Passed on through inheritance. Causes- Mutation, Migration, Recombination of chromosomes, interbreeding amount a genetic line of a population