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Study Guide - Unit 3 Big Things that Happened, 1450-1750 (By Chapter) Ch. 15 Ottomans captured Constantinople-1453 Rise of Spanish Monarchy-1469 Ch.16 Portugese Round cape of good hope- 1488 Columbus sails the ocean blue- 1492 1st Spanish Colonies 1509 Magellan circumnavigates the globe 1519-1521 Ottoman defeated at battle of Lepanto 1572 French-british wars in india 1744 Ch. 17 Northern Renaissance 1450-1600 1st European Printing press 1455 Michelangelo 1475-1514 France & Spain invade Italian city states; beginning of decline! 1490’s Commercial Revolution 1500-1600 Luther’s 95 theses; beginning of Protestant Reformation 1517 Decline of witchcraft trials 1670-1692 Glorious Revolution in Britain; Parliamentary Monarchy; Some religious tolerance; Political writing of John Locke – 1688-1690 Enlightenment - 18th century European Population Boom – 1730- 1850 Beginnings of Methodism – 1730 Ch. 18 Much of Russia Freed from Tatars by Ivan the Great – 1462 Moscow Region free; Russian expansion presses south – 1480 Ivan the Terrible (1st to emphasize title of tsar; Boyar power reduced 1533– 1584 Russian Expansion in central Asia; Western Siberia 1552- 1556 Time of troubles 1604-1613 Romanov Dynasty – 1613 – 1917 Russian Pioneers to Pacific – 1637 Law intact making serfdom hereditary – 1649 Founding of St. Petersburg – 1703 Ch. 19 Tready of Tordesilla – 1494 Cortez leads conquest of Mexico 1519 – 1524 Ch. 20 Portugese fort est. at El Mina – 1481 Beginnings of English slave trade – 1562 Fall of Songhay empire – 1591 Dutch est. colony at Cape of good Hope – 1652 Ch. 21 Ottoman Capture of Constantinople – 1453 Ottoman victory over Safavids at Chaldiran – 1514 Ottoman capture of Syria and Egypt – 1517 First Ottoman siege of Vienna – 1529 (Noticing a pattern, here?....) Nadir Shah invades India – 1739 Ch. 22 Vasco de Gama opens the sea route around Africa to Asia – 1498 – 1499 Portuguese conquest or Goa in Western India – 1510 Portuguese conquer Malacca – 1511 Francis Xavier makes mass converts in India – 1540’s Jesuits arrive in China – 1580’s 1st Japanese invasion of Korea – 1592 Dutch and British assault on Portuguese empire in Asia – 1600’s Tokugawa Shogunate established – 1603 Christianity banned in Japan – 1614 Dutch East India Company Est. @ Batavia on Java – 1619-1620 Dutch capture Malacca; confined to Deshima island off Nagasaki – 1641 A few random Things to remember…. Conclusion: Asia and the First Phase of Europe's Global Expansion. Western exploration and commercial expansion only touched most of Asia peripherally. In East Asia, Chinese and Japanese strength blocked European domination of their lands. In South and Southeast Asia, where European impact was stronger, most Asians retained control of their destinies. Asian change came from indigenous factors that maintained old cultural and social influences. Even in commerce and seafaring, where their influence was greatest, Europeans found it better to become part of existing networks. Global Connections: Gunpowder Empires and the Restoration of the Islamic Bridge Between Civilizations. The early modern Muslim empires had sufficient internal reasons for destruction, but their demise was made more certain by a common ignoring of the rising European threat. Little effort was made to incorporate European technological advances. The failure to meet the European challenge weakened the economic base of their empires as revenues and profits were drained off by foreigners. Importation of European bullion brought damaging inflation. Muslim leaders and scholars ignored these trends and caused serious difficulties for the world of Islam in the future. Global trade/Interactions (1450-1750) East Asia: China: many navigational inventions[sternpost rudder, lateen sails, astrolabe, magnetic compass]; relied on regional trade; Japan: prohibited foreign trade Western Europe: Trade no longer land based only; Hanseatic League; European exploration and colonization; new navigational technology utilized for voyages; British East India Company; stole info. From Spanish/Portuguese Eastern Europe: Russia: forced to establish agencies in Moscow/St. Pete; traded primarily with nomads of central Asia; Ottoman Empire: European traders formed colonies with Constantinople; dismissed western tech and trade. South Asia: India encouraged to trade with West but was more preoccupied with imperial expansion. Latin America: Exploration of Portugal; Spain headed West-Columbus’s voyage; Reconquista delayed Spanish exploration; Vasco de Gama, Dias, Ferdinand Magellan; haciendas formed; Middle East: Colonies formed here by western Europe. Traded with West but more interested in expanding empire; MAJOR TURNING POINTS: Silk Road connected everyone; east to west (1200-1600); Renaissance; gunpowder; European colonization and exploration; Commercial Revolution; Atlantic Slave Trade; ships used for trade; Crusades ***Think about how this connects to today!*** (Look @ regional/thematic outlines) Gender Relations 1450-1750 CE Japan- women live with increased restrictions on daily lives, obey husband or face death. Women educated at home. Known as Warring Period Queen mothers ran royal house, kept relations with foreign nations and controlled marriage alliance. Exploration & colonization ensures spread of Spanish/Portuguese language, culture, Catholicism Russia- nobles adopt Western European culture thru language (some spoke French) and dressing style, but ordinary peoples remain the same. Mughal outlaw Sati, encourage widows to remarry, Hindu-Muslim try East Asia Western Europe Eastern Europe South Asia for better relations. Women=Aristocrats, able to supply income (all castes) Changes brought by Europeans, Columbian Exchange, slavery encouraged, European disease diminish Aztec and Incan culture and peoples. Harems-complex social network, originally nonIslamic slaves/prisoners, mothers had influence if son represented in court-became members of sultan’s extended family Latin America Middle East 1450-1750 CE Demographic shifts East Asia 1. Asia to Euro = yellow fever, malaria, small pox. 2. Malaysia + Indo + Sing = colonized. 3. Ming = brief exploration, but pull back = isolated. 4. Qing/Manchu Dynasty 5. Tokugawa Japan = united Japan, pop growth, rain grain production increase, urbanized, quality weapons. 6. Pop growth in China Western Europe 1. Syphilis 2. Growth of urban pop. 3. China + Japan colonized. 4. Exploration, colonization, imperialism. 5. Port: colonize Goa, Malacca, Sri Lanka. 6. Spain = Columbus. 7. English fight wars with Spain for territory. 8. Britain = colonized India. 9. Dutch = Indonesia, Africa Cape Colony. 10. Extract natural resources. 11. Colonize Americas. 12. Spanish + Port = bring in African Slaves to Americas. 13. Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, Scientific Rev, enlightenment. Eastern Europe 1.Trade with nomads of Central Asia. 2. Cossacks: recruited peasants. 3. Russia = isolated from West, pushed eastward. 4. Not part of Renaissance. 5. Catherine the Great = enforced serfdom. South Asia 1. Mughal India = Gunpowder Empire = use weapons to maintain regional power. 2. Conflict between Hindus & Muslims. 3. Decline of power = vulnerable to outside influence. 4. Brit East India Company. Latin America 1. Measles. 2. Monoculture. 3. Domestication of animals. 4. Exploitation of natural resources. 5. Columbian exchange. 6. Pop increase. 7. Horses = new method of labor. 8. Encomienda system = Am Feudalism. 9. Food: squash, beans, corn, potatoes, cacao = population growth. 10. Euro disease kill Ams. 11. Huge Estates = Haciendas. Middle East 1. Abbasid Caliphate = lose power. 2. Gunpowder empires: ottoman, safavid. 3. Influence Ren in Euro = go back to ideas of Greek and Romans. Africa 1. Atlantic slave trade = slaves taken from Africa = deplete population. 2. Triangular Slave Trade – slaves from Af in Middle Passage = many died, Euro give guns to Af. 3. Euro & Africa in Columbian exchange= horses, pigs, goats, chili peppers, sugar cane. 4. Africans = separated from families. Overall Major themes/turning points 1. Rise of nation states = rivalry between nations for territory. 2. World Trade. 3. Columbian exchange – disease = unintended part = bubonic plague. 4. Growth of urban population == famine, enclosure movements.