Download Guide to performing an Eye Exam

Guide to performing an Eye Exam with an Ophthalmoscope
Tool: Ophthalmoscope
“Back”
Facing the Doctor
“Front”
Facing the Patient
Anatomy of the Eye
Step 1: Have the patient sit down
o Have the patient sit down facing the doctor – Dr. should be
slightly to the side of the patients’ eye being examined (look
at figure above)
o Turn on the ophthalmoscope by pressing the green button
and rotating the upper part of the handle
Step 2: Examine the eye from afar
o Put the ophthalmoscope up to your eye so the light points
toward your patient's face.
o View your patient's eye through the opposite side of the
ophthalmoscope. You should be able to see a "red reflex" of
the patient's fundus, not unlike red eye in a flash photo
Step 3: Examine the eye closer
o Move toward the patient's eye until you are close to his/her face.
Close the eye you are not using to look through the
ophthalmoscope.
o Look for details of the person's fundus – You may need to turn
the number dial at the top of the ophthalmoscope in order for it
to be in focus
Step 4: Note details of Fundus
o Try to view specific landmarks on your patient's fundus,
such as the optic nerve (a large yellow disk), arterial and
venous arcades emanating from the disk, and the macula
Pathology
Non-proliferative diabetic
retinopathy
• Damage to retina of the eye due
to long-term diabetes
Hemorrhage
• Bleeding in the eye
Fundus Flavimaculatus
or Stargardt Disease
• Yellowish flecks around
macula
• Autosomal recessive condition
which causes macular
degeneration
Pathology - Glaucoma
Healthy Eye
Glaucoma Eye
Note: Cup is
50% of Disc
Note: Cup is almost
100% of disc
Repeat, if Necessary