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Chemistry
Objective: Discuss chemical elements, compounds,
reactions, formulas and equations
Chemistry Vocab
• Take 15 minutes to look up the definition for the
following terms!
1.
Chemical
2. Chemistry
3. Matter
4. Mass
5. Volume
6. Energy
Chemistry Vocab
1.
Chemical: a substance produced by or used in a
chemical process
2. Chemistry: the study of the composition of matter
and the energy created by the interaction of matter
3. Matter: anything that has mass & volume
4. Mass: quantity of matter in an object often
determined by weighing with a scale
5. Volume: something occupies space
6. Energy: ability to do work or cause change
Types of Energy
1. Potential- energy of matter because of its
position or compositions; It is stored in the
matter.
2. Kinetic- energy of an object in motion.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vl4g7T5gw1M
States of Matter
1. Solid- has definite shape & volume
2. Liquid- has definite volume and takes the
shape of its container
3. Gaseous- has neither a definite shape or
volume; can expand & contract & move
around
States of Matter
Why States of Matter
Change
• Matter may change from one state to another
• Usually relates to temperature & pressure
• The properties do not change
Properties of Matter
• Property- a characteristic or feature that makes it
possible to distinguish between kinds of matter
• Physical Property- a characteristic that can be
observed without altering the matter
• Mass, color, shape, length
• Chemical Property- a characteristic that describes
the changes matter goes through when its
identity is altered to create substances in different
forms
• Burning wood
Classification of Matter
• Pure substances- matter that has uniform and
consistent composition and properties from
one sample to another
• Ex) salt & sugar
• Mixtures- combination of 2+ different kinds of
matter, and it is not definite in proportions of
its contents
• Solution- a homogenous (uniform) mix. Can be
solid or gas.
• Suspension- when particles are dispersed
(mixed) in a fluid medium. Ex) Water in a
stream.
Chemistry 101
• Elements form compounds
• Pure substances are either elements or
compounds
• Elements do not decompose
• An element is a pure substance that cannot be
broken down into other substances
• Examples: Gold, silver, iron
Chemical Elements:
The Ingredients of Matter
• Element: a substance consisting entirely of
atoms of the same atomic number
• Everything on earth is made of chemical
elements
• 114 chemical elements have been identified
• 92 are natural elements found on Earth
• The rest are made in a lab
Chemical Elements
• All elements have a name
• All elements have a symbol
• Most are either 1 or 2 letters
• Some officially unnamed have 3 letters
• Letters are often letters from English spelling of
the word
• Examples: AL for Aluminum C for Carbon
N for Nitrogen
• Some are from Latin
O for Oxygen
• Examples: Ag for Silver; old name was argentum
K for Potassium
Fe for Iron
Chemical Elements
• Elements are grouped in the Periodic Table
• Periodic Table is an arrangement of chemical
elements in the order of increasing atomic
numbers
• It is in rows and columns
• Take a look at the Periodic Table, how is it
organized?
Types of Elements
• Metals-an element with metallic luster
•
•
•
Can be shaped
Are electrical conductors
Ex) Iron, Aluminum, & Copper
• Nonmetals- an element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity
•
•
Ex) Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, & Sulfur
11 elements classified as nonmetallic
• Metalloids- elements between metals and nonmetals both in the
periodic table and in properties
•
•
Ex) Arsenic
6 elements classified as metalloids
• Noble Gases- do not normally react with other elements
• Ex) Neon & helium
• 6 elements are classified as noble gases
Atoms
• Atom: smallest part of an element that can
take part in a reaction
• Atomic structure: the arrangement of the
parts of atoms
• Atomic number: the number of protons in the
nucleus
• Atomic mass: the total number of protons and
neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
Chemical Reactions
• What occurs when a substance becomes
another substance with different
characteristics
• Types of Reactions:
• Composition- when 2+ substances react to form
a more complex product
• Decomposition- when chemical compounds
break down
• Single Replacement- when 1 element replaces
another in a compound
• Double Replacement- when 2 compounds
exchange elements
Chemical Reactions
• Compounds- form when 2+ elements unite to
form a substance with qualities different from
the elements alone
• Chemical bonding- 2+ elements joining
together to form a compound
• Molecule- the smallest amount of a substance
that can exist independently and keep the
properties of the substance
• Ex) Water= 2 hydrogen atoms & 1 oxygen atom
Chemical Reactions
• Learn a little more from Bill Nye!
http://www.dailymotion.com/video/xlp2y1_billnye-chemical-reactions_tech#.URez2lrjk3I
• Write down 15 interesting facts as you learn
from Bill Nye the science guy!
Formulas & Equations
• Chemical formula- the combination of chemical
symbols and numbers that depict a compound
• A chemical equation shows the element
symbols and formulas, the reactants, and the
products of a chemical reaction.
• Ex) The equation of photosynthesis