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Unit 4- Biochemistry, Energy, & Enzymes Review Sheet
1. Carbon atoms can share _______ electrons.
2. What are monomers and polymers?
3. What are the four types of organic compounds that are necessary for life?
4. What three elements must all carbohydrates contain?
5. What are the three types of carbohydrates? How are they different? Give an example of each.
6. How do plants get their carbohydrates?
7. What do plants do with those carbohydrates?
8. How do animals get their carbohydrates?
9. What happens to a complex carbohydrate after it is eaten?
10. What happens to any excess carbohydrates that we consume?
11. What are three functions of carbohydrates?
12. What monosaccharide is the primary source of energy?
13. In what form do plants store carbohydrates? In what form do animals?
14. What carbohydrate makes up the cell wall in plants? How is this compound helpful to humans?
15. What three elements must all lipids contain?
16. Name the structure to the right. Name the two things that make it up.
17. What makes lipids so energy rich?
18. When will the body use lipids for energy?
19. What happens to triglycerides in the body after they are eaten?
20. What happens to the excess lipids consumed?
21. What are three functions of lipids?
22. How are lipids helpful to a cold-climate organism?
23. What four elements must all proteins contain? What fifth element is often present.
24. What are the building blocks of proteins?
25. How many different amino acids are there? With only so few types of amino acids, how are so many
different proteins possible?
26. How many amino acids can the body make? How do we get the remaining amino acids?
27. When will the body use proteins for energy?
28. Describe the 5 types of proteins. Give an example of each.
29. What five elements make up nucleotides?
30. What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?
31. What is the function of nucleic acids?
32. Give two examples of nucleic acids.
33. Classify each of the following compounds as a carbohydrate, lipid, protein, or nucleic acid.
a. Amylase
e. Sucrose
i.
Keratin
b. DNA
f. Glucose
j.
RNA
c. Glycogen
g. Enzymes
k. Starch
d. Triglyceride
h. Cellulose
l.
Hemoglobin
34. What determines the caloric value of a molecule?
35. Which of the four organic molecules that we discussed has the greatest chemical bond energy?
36. How many calories per gram do proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates contain?
37. What is the body’s primary source of energy? If that is not available, what will the body use? If both of those
are not available, what will the body turn to for energy?
38. What is the purpose of a chemical reaction?
39. Define the terms “reactant” and “product” in reference to chemical reactions.
40. What does activation energy have to do with chemical reactions?
41. Does a chemical reaction always require energy to start? Explain.
42. What types of processes require biochemical reactions to occur?
43. What conditions can affect the rate at which a chemical reaction can occur?
44. Enzymes are a type of catalyst. What does that mean?
45. Is an enzyme consumed in a chemical reaction? Explain.
46. How does having enzymes involved in our body’s chemical reactions help us?
47. What is a substrate?
48. Where does the substrate fit on the enzyme?
49. What happens to the enzyme after it acts upon the substrate?
50. What are four factors that can affect an enzymes activity?
51. How do temperature and pH affect enzyme activity? How do extreme temperatures or pH effect an
enzyme?
52. What happens to the reaction rate if more enzyme is added?
53. What happens to the reaction rate if more substrate is added?
54. What happens to the reaction rate if all of the enzymes are working?
55. Draw a diagram of an enzyme working on a substrate. Label the enzyme, enzyme-substrate complex,
substrate, products, and active site.
56. What is ATP? What is its job in the cell?
57. What are the monomers that make up an ATP molecule?
58. How does ATP transfer (release) energy? What does it become?
59. How can ADP be used to store energy?
60. Write out the two reactions in the ATP  ADP cycle.
61. What can the name of an enzyme tell you? Give examples.