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2011!
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The Final Exam will only cover information for the second semester. This includes DNA, Meiosis, Genetics, Evolution,
Plants Ecology, and Systems. Study the chapters in the book: 3,5, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 32 (some chapters were
covered more in depth than others); your notes; chapter reading guides; and old quizzes.
Match the scientist with the correct statement.
1. __ Found the proportion of Adenine to be equal to that of Thymine,
and the proportion of Cytosine to be equal to that of Guanine.
__ Proposed the Theory of Natural Selection.
__ The father of modern genetics.
__ Disproved the theory of spontaneous generation with his
experiment involving flies and sealed jars.
__ Known for his theory of Use and Disuse.
__ Conducted work in x-ray crystallography and the structure of DNA.
__ Proposed that DNA consisted of a double-helical structure.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Gregor Mendel
Rosalind Franklin
Watson and Crick
Charles Darwin
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Francisco Redi
Erwin Chargaff
2. How is Mitosis different from Meiosis?
3. How is meiosis in males different from meiosis in females?
Complete this
review guide and
earn 5 points on
your final exam
grade!
4. Decide whether the statement pertains to Meiosis I or Meiosis II.
homologous pairs line up in Tetrads ____
homologous pairs separate ____
sister chromatids separate ____
chromosome number is halved ____
crossing over occurs ____
5. Define the following terms:
haploid
diploid
centromere
chromatid
chromatin
centriole
tetrad
spermatogenesis
oogenesis
6. What does DNA stand for?
7. List the 4 base pairs found in DNA.
8. DNA is copied during a process called _______________________.
9. During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with
the bases
----------------------------10.Which bases are the purines?
11. Which bases are the pyrimidines?
12. Label the following molecule.
C
G
____________
_________
(name of structure)
(the letter)
T
_______
(the letter)
__________
(the letter)
C
C
____________
(3 Part Structure)
13. What makes up the rungs of the ladder and what holds them together?
14. What does RNA stand for?
15. How would the following strand of DNA TACCCCTTAATT be transcribed into mRNA?
_________________
16. Define the following terms:
tRNA
mRNA
Transcription
Translation
Mutagen
Codon
17. You your codon chart to identify the following amino acid:
AUG ____________
GGG_________________
CGU_________________
18. List the stop codons: __________________________________________
19. List all possible phenotypes for the following cross: (G=Green, g=Yellow)
Gg x Gg
20. Human blood types demonstrate codominance. List the four human blood types with the possible genotypes:
Blood Types
Genotypes
21. What would be an example of incomplete dominance?
22. How many chromosomes does a human have in each cell? _____
23.
Complete (shade where necessary) the pedigree for a
sex-linked trait in which the P1 male has the trait and
the P1 female is a carrier. If you cannot tell the
phenotype of the individual, label it with a ?.
24. ___
___
___
___
___
___
___
Tay-Sachs
Cystic Fibrosis
Hemophilia
Turner’s Syndrome
Phenylketonuria
Cri-du-Chat
Down Syndrome
A. Inability of blood to clot
B. Deletion on chromosome #5
C. In ability to break down a specific amino
acid at birth
D. Trisomy on chromosome #21
E. Fatal, neurological disease;
accumulation of lipids in the brain.
F. Severe mucous accumulation in lungs.
G. Also known as XO
25. What is the difference between autosomal and sex-linked traits/disorders?
26. Fill in the genotypes and phenotypes for the following traits:
Green seeds are dominant.
Yellow seeds are recessive.
Use G and g
Genotype
Phenotype
Heterozygous
Homozygous recessive
Homozygous dominant
27. What are Mendel’s 3 Laws?
1.
3.
2.
28. What is nondisjunction? _______________________________________________________________
29. What is the following diagram called? ___________________
30. Is the person in the above diagram suffering from any obvious chromosomal disorder? ______
31. What is the gender of the above individual? ________________
32.
Assume the isotope below has a half-life of 4.5 billion years.
4.5 billion
years
10g uranium
0g lead
4.5 billion
years
b. ____ g uranium
c. ____ g uranium
____ g lead
____ g lead
33. What are the 5 principles to Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection?
There is ______________________within populations.
Some variations are ____________________ because they help the organism survive.
In each generation, only a few ________________ long enough to reproduce.
The organisms that survive and ________________________ are the ones with the _________________
variations.
The population ____________________ as the frequency of the variations change.
34. What are the 4 requirements that must be met for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?
1.
2.
3.
4.
35. How are convergent evolution and analogous structures related?
36. Using the example of how giraffes got their long necks, compare Lamarck and Darwin.
37. Plants that reproduce with seeds are divided into two main groups. What are they?
40. Define the following terms:
Bryophyte
Tracheaphyte
Label the flower:
Xylem
Phloem
Perfect Flower
Imperfect Flower
Pollen
Stamen
Anther
Filament
Pistil
Stigma
Style
Ovary
Ovule
Petal
Sepal
Ecology
Be familiar with the carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, and water cycle
Study chapter 3 and 5 notes and quiz.
1. Ecology –
2. Biosphere –
3. Abiotic4. Biotic5. Species6. Population7. Community-
8. Ecosystem9. Biome10. Biosphere11. Producer/Autotroph12. Consumer/Heterotroph13. Herbivoire14. Carnivore15. Omnivore16. Detritovre17. Decomposer18. 10% Rule19. Food chain –
20. Food web –
21. Energy Pyramid –
22. Biomass Pyramid 23. Pyramid of numbers –
24. Biogeochemical Cycle –
25. Evaporation –
26. Transpiration –
27. Condensation –
Bring your biome chart!!!!!
Systems – Digestion, circulatory, respiration information