Download Biologist Date ______ CHAPTER 2 STUDY GUIDE 2.1 What are

Biologist _______________________________
Date ____________
CHAPTER 2 STUDY GUIDE
2.1
1. What are isotopes? How do isotopes differ from one another (in terms of subatomic
particles?
2. What is a compound? Describe a covalent and ionic bond.
3. How are compounds different than elements in terms of their chemical and physical
properties?
The three particles that make up atoms are
a.
protons, neutrons, and isotopes.
b.
neutrons, isotopes, and electrons.
c.
positives, negatives, and neutrals.
d.
protons, neutrons, and electrons.
2.2
What is the chemical formula for water? How many of each atom make up a molecule of
water?
4. What is an ion?
5. Draw a water molecule and include the appropriate charges at each pole.
6. Describe a solution, solute, and solvent.
7. What is an acid? What ion do they contain more of? What numbers on the pH scale
are acids?
8. What is a base? What ion do they contain more of? What numbers on the pH scale are
bases?
What
a.
b.
c.
d.
type of ion forms when an atom loses electrons?
neutral
positive
negative
radioactive
What property of water allows it to climb up the edges of a test tube slightly?
a. pH
b. cohesion
c. adhesion
d. heat capacity
2.3
9. Why is carbon so special? How can it make up life’s molecules?
10. Describe the functions and monomer of a protein.
11. Describe the functions and monomers of a lipid.
12. Describe the functions and monomer of a carbohydrate.
13. Describe the functions and monomer of a nucleic acid.
2.4
14. What is a chemical reaction?
15. What are enzymes? How do they function?
16. Why are enzymes important to living things?
17. What factors affect enzymes?
Identify the reactant(s) and product(s) in the chemical reaction:
The function of an enzyme is determined by _______.
a. the substrates activation energy.
b. its molecular shape.
c. the types of fatty acids it contains.
d. the types of sugars it contains.
The energy needed to get a reaction started is the
a.
adhesion energy.
b.
activation energy.
CO2 + H2O → H2CO3.
c.
d.
cohesion energy.
chemical energy.
A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction is called
a.
a catalyst.
b.
a lipid.
c.
a molecule.
d.
an element.
Essay questions on back 
Essays
1) Enzymes are incredibly important to all living things. Explain what an enzyme does for
living things, how it works and two factors that can denature (cause to not function
properly) an enzyme.
2) What are each of the subatomic particles, each of their charges, and where is each
located?
3) Which is an example of a solution: chicken noodle soup, or crapple juice? Explain your
reasoning for both why and why not.
4) Draw a pH scale with: 1) All the numbers. 2) Label where neutral is.
3) Labeled arrow indicating increasing acidity. 4) Labeled arrow indicating increasing
basicity.
5) List all 4 macromolecules and: 1 monomer for each, 1 polymer for each, and
1 function for the two of your choice.