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GLYCOLYSIS: The anaerobic breakdown of glucose
This chart outlines the steps in the biochemical pathway called glycolysis. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of both
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
GLUCOSE
ATP
PHOSPHORYLATION
ATP is consumed and the phosphate is used
to energize the substrate
P
GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATE
REARRANGEMENT
The shape of the molecule is changed, making
it more symmetrical
FRUCTOSE 6 PHOSPHATE
PHOSPHORYLATION
ATP is consumed and the phosphate is used
to energize the substrate
ATP
P
FRUCTOSE 1, 6 DIPHOSPHATE
CLEAVAGE
The substrate is split into 2 halves, one is then
rearranged resulting in 2 identical molecules
2 x GLYCERALDEHYDE 3 PHOSPHATE
(“PGAL”)
2 P (inorganic)
4H
2 NADH2
DEHYDROGENATION AND
PHOSPHORYLATION
Hydrogen is removed from the substrate and
replaced by inorganic phosphate
2 x DIPHOSPHOGLYCERATE
2P
2 ATP
DEPHOSPHORYLATION
Phosphate is removed from the substrate and
used to convert ADP into ATP
2 x PHOSPHOGLYCERATE
2 x PHOSPHOENOL PYRUVATE
2P
2 ATP
DEPHOSPHORYLATION
Phosphate is removed from the substrate and
used to convert ADP into ATP
2 x PYRUVATE
The 2 molecules of pyruvate formed by glycolysis may be converted into
lactic acid, acetic acid, alcohol or acetyl CoA depending upon the
availability of oxygen and the type of cell involved